tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-72701134916660056852024-03-23T03:15:04.281-07:00MINIATURESFrancis D. Yumul - On Things Past and the Ordinaries Francis Yumulhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10123922763636960380noreply@blogger.comBlogger172125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7270113491666005685.post-25138274503710169032024-01-27T19:55:00.000-08:002024-01-31T19:02:17.650-08:00Matrimonio Luna<p> </p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTecReFo0GYW68c740kzW6ci7uxxwXsR0-myYThoc7393tHae3VP71K5TQfzxW_xoxTis5DtLey3YwFJTcXun7vZE3IBN84yt1xpcQhNL0dCTPtUMLC1ANER-92RjhDKKPHdIvl3zfcpwLEqr3wQcGax59GZnrkylzvXbR7rtSrBGPM32PQwqvWLNUydYr/s654/Jun.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="654" data-original-width="490" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTecReFo0GYW68c740kzW6ci7uxxwXsR0-myYThoc7393tHae3VP71K5TQfzxW_xoxTis5DtLey3YwFJTcXun7vZE3IBN84yt1xpcQhNL0dCTPtUMLC1ANER-92RjhDKKPHdIvl3zfcpwLEqr3wQcGax59GZnrkylzvXbR7rtSrBGPM32PQwqvWLNUydYr/w480-h640/Jun.jpg" width="480" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: arial; font-size: 15px; text-align: start; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><i>In this wedding photo, the bride is seated, concealing her noticeable height advantage, in compliance with the societal norms of the time, which emphasized male dominance, even in physical stature. This photograph encapsulates the dynamics of their union, ultimately leading to the tragic murder of the wife. This is the wedding photo of Juan Luna, widely regarded as the greatest Filipino artist that ever lived.</i></span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p></p><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;">It is said that Juan Luna negotiated an additional sum for his masterpiece "Battle of Lepanto" with the commission responsible for enhancing the Spanish Senate. The extra income from this deal was lavishly spent by Luna on a grand tour of Venice in 1886, intended as a honeymoon gift for his wife, María de la Paz Pardo de Tavera, known as Pacita. Luna made sure that Pacita would feel her significance to him and the deep love he held for her, bringing her to a pedestal of admiration and affection.</div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;">Yet, half a decade later, love unmasked itself, revealing an ugly, multi-headed specter of jealousy, betrayal, hatred, unrequited love, and, ultimately, death.</div></div><div class="xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs x126k92a" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></div><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;">L'Othello des Philippines (The Othello of the Philippines) is how Juan Luna was described by a Parisian daily during his trial in the highly publicized double murder case. Perhaps he truly embodied the Oriental Othello, rising from humble artistic training in Spanish Manila to become one of the bright stars, a quasi enfant terrible of Spanish Art. His distinctive style and uncompromising demeanor catapulted him to a status we might liken to a rock star, a stark contrast to <span style="font-family: inherit;"><a style="color: #385898; cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit;" tabindex="-1"></a></span>the formal, often bespectacled and bearded presentations of his contemporaries.</div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;">During a banquet held to honor the Spanish artist Francisco Pradilla Ortiz, a photograph was taken outside the event hall. In attendance were Luna, Hidalgo, Benlliure, and a whole cast of renowned Spanish artists, including Luna's "maestro" Alejo Vera. Luna, with his distinctive pudgy nose and somewhat extended mouth, still carried an air of youthful innocence—parang inutusan lang bumili ng suka (like he was sent to buy vinegar). During that time, he was said to be admired or pampered by the group like a bunso (the youngest). I might even say he was their adored mascot. And he owed this attention primarily to one painting—the "Spoliarium."</div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;">Ever since the "Spoliarium" was awarded one of the gold medals at an exposition in Madrid in 1884, Juan Luna's star was on the rise. He and his works were extensively discussed in the leading newspapers of Madrid. This recognition resulted in a couple of commissioned works, one of which was "The Battle of Lepanto," for which Queen Regent Maria Christina herself asked Luna to personally enlighten her about the masterpiece. Juan Luna had truly become a celebrity, and this added to the attraction and allure that led Pacita to say "yes" when he asked her to be his wife, and she could not resist.</div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;">Pacita's mother, Doña Juliana Gorricho de Pardo de Tavera, vehemently opposed the union. Despite having played the role of a motherly host to numerous gatherings of a Fil-Hispanic "barkada," which included her sons Trinidad and Felix, as well as Rizal, the Luna brothers, Hidalgo, and others, in her opulent Parisian residence, she epitomized the saying "mothers know best."</div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;">Pacita had been raised in luxury, and this extended to her entire family. Their substantial holdings and properties in the Philippines, including a parcel of land in Escolta with commercial establishments, defined them as one of the wealthiest families on the island. They could afford almost anything. It's understandable why Doña Juliana would have concerns about her daughter marrying an artist, especially an Indio from a lower caste.</div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;">"Tomorrow I will marry Juan Luna Novicio!" Could it be that she uttered those words while gazing at her wedding gown the night before the fateful day? Her Mama gave a forced smile, an air of apprehension surrounding her. And as she turned around to look out the window, Mama closed her eyes, held her breath, and clasped her hands together. Perhaps she whispered, "My daughter is marrying a demonyo!" Yet, she couldn't stop her. Even her son Trinidad, an expert in Malay Civilization (the race to which Luna belonged), made her realize that Juan was no different from them. Finally, she agreed to the union with a heavy heart.</div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;">Then came the children. The birth of Andres Luna, affectionately called "Lulling," gave the celebrity artist something truly worth celebrating and sharing with the world, which he indeed did. In a letter to Blumentritt, he enclosed a photo of the one-year-old Andres, a gesture that the Austrian-German Professor found so adorable that he couldn't resist writing to Jose Rizal to share all about it.</div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;">Like most mothers-in-law, the grandchild was spoiled and pampered. The family hired a nanny, adding to the growing household staff of the Luna-Taveras, located at Villas Dupont on Pergolese Street. They already had a cook and another maid. Was Luna running short of cash? This was a myth that the trial debunked. During Luna's interrogation in the trial by the Tavera lawyer, it was revealed that Pacita was receiving a monthly stipend from the family's earnings and holdings. Perhaps it was a strategy to paint Juan Luna as an ingrate who lived off the generosity of his in-laws. Luna confidently retorted, "What she earns every month, I earn thrice with my paintings!" Boom!</div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;">The double murder occurred like a flash of lightning, so swift and uncontrollable. Months before it, two tragedies had befallen Juan Luna. First, the news of his father's death in the Philippines left him somber and taciturn for days. Then, another tragedy struck when Maria de La Paz, Luna's second child, nicknamed "Bibi," passed away, plunging Juan into a dark abyss. He loved his children so deeply that even in his paintings, he portrayed them in an endearing and "niedlich" manner. These paintings are frozen images of a father's love, forever immortalized.</div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;">From then on, Juan Luna was battling his inner demons. He received anonymous letters indicating that his wife was spending her evenings with a French businessman at the resort spa where Pacita and Luling were staying for a holiday and health reasons. The painter devised a plan to uncover the truth, closely monitoring her daily activities upon their return. He even followed her on the streets of Paris. After numerous attempts to piece together a large jigsaw puzzle, he ultimately reached a heartbreaking conclusion – she was unfaithful. Pinependejo siya.</div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;">The crumbling marriage was starting to unravel from its very core to its foundation. He questioned her, even resorted to physical violence. He even cast suspicion on the colored pencils she had acquired for her "beauty" rituals. He accused her of being unsympathetic to his emotional turmoil after losing his father and beloved baby daughter. There was one instance when he asked Pacita about something, and the argument escalated, with her allegedly shouting, "I don't love you! I hate you! I hate you!" He felt ignored and shouted at while the world seemed to grow darker, closing in on them.</div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;">After persistent questioning, he took on the role of an interrogator more than that of a husband. Eventually, Pacita admitted to having an affair with the Frenchman. In exchange for her admission, they found forgiveness and a willingness to start afresh. They decided to go to Spain to begin a new chapter in their lives, without the interference of the mother-in-law. "Wala ang biyenan!"</div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;">He is ready to forgive, but is he ready to forget?" asked the mother-in-law as she took on the role of an "advocatus diaboli." With her daughter and an adorable grandchild about to be taken away from her, she fought back fiercely.</div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;">Dona Juliana summoned his sons to a meeting, along with a Fil-Hispanic lawyer, Antonio Maria Regidor, who was based in London. After discussions, they concluded that it was best for the couple to separate. Luna, upon learning of this secret plan, became furious. When he had the opportunity to isolate his wife and mother-in-law, hell broke loose. He lost control of his emotions and went berserk.</div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;">Inside a room, he directed his anger towards his mother-in-law, shooting her at point-blank range, causing her instant death. His rage may have been fueled by the fear of losing his happiness, son, and wife, as it turned into a tug of war between him and Dona Juliana. After shooting his mother-in-law, Luna, perhaps without a moment's thought, pulled the trigger again, the gun pointed to his wife. She fell but was not immediately killed, passing away days later from a complicated head wound caused by the bullet's entry.</div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;">Months after the double murder and the subsequent trial, Juan Luna was acquitted. (The details of the trial have been covered in my previous posts, in this blog—please refer to them below.) It is said that after learning of his acquittal, he asked for his son. His friends and colleagues drove him to a Paris restaurant where his son, Andres, was waiting. Upon seeing his son, he broke down and wept.</div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px;">Juan Luna is widely regarded as the greatest Filipino artist to have ever lived. The murder of his wife and mother-in-law is sometimes treated by some as a mere footnote to his life and his body of work.</div><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px;"><br /></div><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px;"><br /></div><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px;"><br /></div><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px;"><br /></div><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px;"><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="font-size: 15px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://fyumul.blogspot.com/2016/07/the-trial-of-juan-luna-paris-1892-1893.html" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="634" data-original-width="468" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbrzmxmGDwW2czqz1f0BMIlCTNBJ77fVvaGuub4SjntLm5wOdwg8MbnGsbzn4-t3LXKnrOKTUhfasd2cj-iEADYH56I1UWuIbXMU2gsvo1LMhLiEbAFXsjcQa-PWgomlJlkWuZuCYvAUiIrwhbGJAbbe-3YoY3vAYcPWeJjIUDJQJ4PVw_OARsJyblaJJW/s16000/Lotel2.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>One Parisian newspaper referred to the Luna case as similar to a Shakespearean tragedy, calling Juan Luna the "Othello of the Philippines." <br /><br /><br /></i></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br /></span><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></b></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><b><span style="font-size: medium;">Please Check my other Articles on Juan Luna:</span></b></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><br /></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><a href="https://fyumul.blogspot.com/2016/07/the-trial-of-juan-luna-paris-1892-1893.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>The Juan Luna Case</b></span></a><br /></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><br /></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><a href="https://fyumul.blogspot.com/2019/01/luna-war-ein-hispanophile-luna-was.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Luna was an Hispanophile</b></span></a></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><br /></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="background-color: white; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><a href="https://fyumul.blogspot.com/2014/11/something-about-juan-lunas-spoliarium.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Something About Juan Luna's Spoliarium</b></span></a><br /><div dir="auto" style="color: #050505; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><br /></div></div>Francis Yumulhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10123922763636960380noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7270113491666005685.post-80133861027846949722023-12-29T05:53:00.000-08:002024-02-04T16:30:10.675-08:00 Paghuhukay Arkeolohikal Sa Barangay Pinagbuhatan Pasig<p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEga3RwDvVH9m-k5gahlHtHHzGeR2agPcbQV4-10uoxTZHEPdp9drQPczBIrnTom7dBzLZG0DHAvSbTCS6TNCMELBpofDAie_sB2dBEG3H94kZJw0tp0hazUQXM1fSSg4rA70ggLqCw8S0aNOFX1xjFxZ9pWow1AKmiPkn6oo48MKLiMbyIOt16ntk2sSMnh/s1008/nestor.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><i><b><img border="0" data-original-height="1008" data-original-width="1008" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEga3RwDvVH9m-k5gahlHtHHzGeR2agPcbQV4-10uoxTZHEPdp9drQPczBIrnTom7dBzLZG0DHAvSbTCS6TNCMELBpofDAie_sB2dBEG3H94kZJw0tp0hazUQXM1fSSg4rA70ggLqCw8S0aNOFX1xjFxZ9pWow1AKmiPkn6oo48MKLiMbyIOt16ntk2sSMnh/w400-h400/nestor.jpg" width="400" /></b></i></span></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><i><b>Isang halimbawa ng 14th Century Ming Dynasty trade ware nahukay sa Pilipinas (Wiki)</b></i></span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: #050505; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></span><p></p><p><span style="background-color: white; color: #050505; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Noong taong 1952, sa kasunduang ng gobyernong nasiyonal ng Pilipinas at munisipalidad ng Pasig napasakamay ng American industrialist Harry Stonehill ang parte ng lupang sakop ng Barrio Pinagbuhatan, Pasig-- Kilala ang malawak na kapaligiran noon sa isang parte nito na tinatawag na "Sitio Patukod". </span></span></p><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">Lumipas ang ilang buwan, sinimulan din ang sistematikong paghuhukay sa nasabing lugar upang magtayo ng mga pundasyon sa <a style="color: #385898; cursor: pointer;" tabindex="-1"></a>isang planta ng salamin. Sinasabing ito ang magiging pinaka malaking planta ng gawaan ng salamin sa buong Timog Silangan Asya. Tatawaging Republic Glass Corporation (RGC).</span></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">Subalit sa paghuhukay ng pundasyon ng isang area ng planta, natagpuang may mga artifacts pala na nahuhukay dito. Hindi agad ito naipalaalam sa mga taong maaring makagawa ng pag- aaral dito maging ang munisipyo ng Pasig ay hindi agad-agad nakapagbigay ng ukol na pagkilos upang mabigyan kaalaman at maisalba din ang ilang artifacts na nahuhukay.</span></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">Noong 1957, doon lang nakarating sa kaalaman ng dalawang ekspertong Archeologist ng UP sina-- Florante Henson, at Wilfredo Ronquillo ang sinabing nahuhukay na mga artifacts. Nag-umpisa ang pag aaral at patuloy na paghuhukay sa area mula sa huling taong ng 1950s, naulit uli ito noong 1966 , 1967 1968, sa ilalim din ng patnugot ng National Museum of the Philippines.</span></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">Sa patuloy na pag aaral ng National Museum hanggang 1973, lumalabas na karamihan ng artifacts na nahukay sa area ng Republic Glass Corporation ay mga paso at porcelana na sinasabing mula sa ika 12 hanggang ika 16 na siglo. (12th to 16th Century CE). Pinaniniwalan na ang lugar marahil ay natirahan ng mga sinaunang kumunidad ng Pinagbuhatan.</span></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">Noong 1990s naman sa pamumuno ni Profesor Victor Paz ng UP, gumawa ng paghuhukay at pag aaral muli sa nasabing lugar, lumalabas na may mga nahukay pang artefacts na "tradeware ceramics" mula pa sa panahon ng Sung Period (10th to 12th Century) Mayroon din natagpuang ilang artefacts na mula sa panahon ng Ming Dynasty (14th - 17th Century)--Nagpapatunay na ang lugar ay natirahan pa hanggang 1600s.</span></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">Ayon naman sa ilang mga lumang naratibo,ang area kung saan natagpuan ang archeological site ay ang dating lugar kung saan noon pa ay maraming nakatayong puyahan (o alagaan ng itik). Maaring masabi na ang uri ng hanapbuhay na ito ay ginagawa na ng mga sinaunang mga kumunidad na pumisan sa lugar. Maasasabi din na ito ang isang sentro ng aktibidad ekonomikal ng sinaunang Pinagbuhatan. Sa nasabing area din matatagpuan ang daang tubig kung saan dumadalo'y hindi lang ang transportasyon, komersyo at mga pangunahing hanap-buhay noon ng sambayanan.</span></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="background-color: white; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><div dir="auto" style="color: #050505; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="color: #050505; font-family: arial;"><span>Noon pa man sa panahon ng mga Amerikano, ang kapaligiran ng Laguna de Bay at ang daan tubig patungo Pasig River -- kung saan nga matatagpuan din ang baybayin ng Pinagbuhatan, ay kinilala na ng bantog na American anthropologist </span></span><span style="color: #202122; font-family: arial;">Henry Otley Beyer</span><span style="color: #202122; font-family: arial;"> (1883 – 1966) bilang mahalagang lugar sa pag aaral archaelohikal at anthropolohikal ng mga sinaunang pamayanan sa bansa. Dahil na din sa mga natatagpuan at nahuhukay na mga artifacts dito.</span></div><div dir="auto" style="color: #050505; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div dir="auto" style="color: #050505; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Matapos ang huling paghuhukay noong 1990s, hindi na muling nasundan ng ano pang pag aaral o imbestigasyon ang nasabing archeological site.</span></div></div>Francis Yumulhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10123922763636960380noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7270113491666005685.post-23657793828832608352023-11-29T17:37:00.000-08:002024-01-12T19:42:30.631-08:00Katipunan Vignettes: Troadio Bonifacio and the Two Filipino Pearl Divers<p> </p><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div dir="auto" style="font-size: 15px;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Who was Troadio Bonifacio?</b></span></div><div dir="auto" style="font-size: 15px;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div dir="auto"><span face=""Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="font-family: arial;">The Katipunan Supremo, Andres Bonifacio, had three brothers—Ciriaco, Procopio, and Troadio. Both Ciriaco and Procopio were active participants in the Katipunan movement alongside their elder brother. Unfortunately, the two of them, together with Andres, met their tragic end during the power struggle that ensued after the Tejeros Convention. Meanwhile, we know little of Troadio. Who was he? Was he also somehow connected with the movement his elder brother founded?</span></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif">According to Hermenegildo Cruz, the author of the quasi-biography of Andres Bonifacio titled "Kartilyang Makabayan: Mga Tanong at Sagot Ukol Kay Andrés Bonifacio at sa KKK," Troadio Bonifacio played a crucial role in the acquisition of a printing press for the Katipunan. In Chapter 8, Question 43 of the book, it is noted that Troadio, the youngest Bonifacio brother, returned from Australia accompanied by two fellow Filipinos named Francisco Castillo and Camilo Iban. Checking </span><span face=""Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><a style="color: #385898; cursor: pointer;" tabindex="-1"></a></span><span face=""Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif">Teodoro Agoncillo's "Revolt of the Masses," the author put the year when the two Filipinos made contact with the Katipunan in 1895. Agoncillo also named them as Candido Iban and Francisco del Castillo, thus correcting Hermenegildo Cruz's mistake. It turns out that the two were pearl divers in Australia, 19th Century OFWs. These two individuals had won a substantial amount in a lottery. Hermenegildo Cruz then mentioned that upon learning of their windfall, Andres Bonifacio, through his younger brother Troadio, encouraged them to contribute to the Katipunan cause. Subsequently, they donated a significant sum, which was used to purchase a printing press from Antonio Salazar, owner of the "Bazar del Cisne."</span></span></div><div dir="auto" style="font-size: 15px;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div dir="auto" style="font-size: 15px;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6fJ4KuPDjjaBZ-oYH8Ce85yKBsYmT45s0t4-HMnOSC_Z0Hiq8qwiu7WDJeDmwAfLK57Kr7nQAx3JA1cxduesEBxRd7Bc30qKyMoE7zJltcwPFtf0m2T8HfzbCNCl9l_9P-u4UfnKgFwepe7PhGPBzKdsMhmKm2W9uIsJCpd18z0okA8KRfgV9xAvNB5Ph/s790/karmak2.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="790" data-original-width="564" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6fJ4KuPDjjaBZ-oYH8Ce85yKBsYmT45s0t4-HMnOSC_Z0Hiq8qwiu7WDJeDmwAfLK57Kr7nQAx3JA1cxduesEBxRd7Bc30qKyMoE7zJltcwPFtf0m2T8HfzbCNCl9l_9P-u4UfnKgFwepe7PhGPBzKdsMhmKm2W9uIsJCpd18z0okA8KRfgV9xAvNB5Ph/w456-h640/karmak2.jpg" width="456" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><i><span style="color: #050505; font-size: 15px; text-align: left; white-space-collapse: preserve;">"Kartilyang Makabayan: Mga Tanong at Sagot Ukol Kay Andrés Bonifacio at sa KKK" by</span> Hermenegildo Cruz (1880–1943) <span style="color: #050505; font-size: 15px; text-align: left; white-space-collapse: preserve;"> </span></i></span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div dir="auto" style="font-size: 15px;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div dir="auto"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-size: 15px; text-align: center;"><br /></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif">Another version of the story, as narrated by General Guillermo Masangkay, a close confidant of Andres Bonifacio, somewhat varied. According to Masangkay's 1935 newspaper interview, Troadio, being overseas, was assigned the task of securing funds and contacts among Filipinos abroad to support the movement. Troadio encountered the two divers in Australia and successfully convinced them to contribute a portion of their lottery winnings. But he never mentioned that Troadio </span><span face=""Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><a style="color: #385898; cursor: pointer;" tabindex="-1"></a></span><span face=""Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif">returned from Australia with the two divers. Masangkay stressed that the two divers went directly to Andres Bonifacio with an address and referrals given by Troadio himself.</span></span></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="background-color: white; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><div dir="auto" style="color: #050505; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span face=""Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="font-family: arial;">Does this action of Troadio in securing funds from the Bisayan divers in Australia shed light on his active participation in the Katipunan movement? While there are some narratives suggesting that Troadio traveled to Spain and France, there is a lack of credible references to substantiate these claims.</span></div><div dir="auto" style="color: #050505; font-size: 15px; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b> </b></span></div><div dir="auto" style="color: #050505; font-size: 15px; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Meanwhile -- Francisco del Castillo and Cadido Iban</b></span></div><div dir="auto" style="color: #050505; font-size: 15px; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div dir="auto" style="color: #050505; font-size: 15px; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div dir="auto" style="color: #050505; font-size: 15px; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div dir="auto"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="color: #050505; font-size: 15px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwnDxGlFPXYVP062i5ToWP6SsRaJ-nJ-tbtACPUhWJso4b6ETo5OwU5wpzqzw_584vNcpNZEbZEJYhTkDltkev726NuvQcYjBWNffViATxVtvigQaCvS9iK6ajeelM4dTIqbdIQAtn0NcNs3V5661iY3Fcd9V4UUvfJOuf_ioi7-8YgKfsCxpLe7ImTBh5/s1413/Francisco_del_Castillo_historical_marker.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1413" data-original-width="1182" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwnDxGlFPXYVP062i5ToWP6SsRaJ-nJ-tbtACPUhWJso4b6ETo5OwU5wpzqzw_584vNcpNZEbZEJYhTkDltkev726NuvQcYjBWNffViATxVtvigQaCvS9iK6ajeelM4dTIqbdIQAtn0NcNs3V5661iY3Fcd9V4UUvfJOuf_ioi7-8YgKfsCxpLe7ImTBh5/w536-h640/Francisco_del_Castillo_historical_marker.jpg" width="536" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #202122; font-size: 14px; text-align: start;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><i><b>NHCP historical marker for Francisco del Castillo in Kalibo , Aklan.</b>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUPh0x0EUQcE6kZDV1Qgp7HCWuzNcvUutb9nVmkBxH7IAKGU1Hobo46cjMb1BxKWxGUGo_Pxjcf9wAV1BHZd7Ir53_iAKXXjpZ_-Ejx4DX6_eTrmOGuNwoiU48myVXrNkOQpiQOYC7ev9lw71BGPAJ4oCPpSSofmFBlfDmSz-sBvXpYNGxEg8FfWQ7lOgL/s483/Candido_Iban_(1863-1897)_historical_marker.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="483" data-original-width="339" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUPh0x0EUQcE6kZDV1Qgp7HCWuzNcvUutb9nVmkBxH7IAKGU1Hobo46cjMb1BxKWxGUGo_Pxjcf9wAV1BHZd7Ir53_iAKXXjpZ_-Ejx4DX6_eTrmOGuNwoiU48myVXrNkOQpiQOYC7ev9lw71BGPAJ4oCPpSSofmFBlfDmSz-sBvXpYNGxEg8FfWQ7lOgL/w450-h640/Candido_Iban_(1863-1897)_historical_marker.jpg" width="450" /></a></div></i></span></span><i style="color: #202122; font-family: arial; font-size: 14px; text-align: start;"><b>NHCP historical marker for Candido Iban in Malinao , Aklan.</b>
</i><span style="color: #202122; font-size: 14px; text-align: start;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><i>
</i></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs x126k92a" style="color: #050505; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">After securing a printing machine for the Katipunan, Francisco del Castillo and Candido Iban traveled back to their hometown in Kalibo, Aklan, tasked by the Supremo to spread the doctrines of the Katipunan in their region. Checking "The Katipunan in Aklan," authored by John E. Barrios, Melchor F. Cichon, and Dominador I. Ilio, and first published in 1997, Iban and del Castillo, upon their return to Aklan, began a spirited recruitment of locals to the Katipunan. In early March <span><a style="color: #385898; cursor: pointer;" tabindex="-1"></a></span>1897, Candido Iban, in one of his sorties around Aklan, was arrested by the Guardia Civil in the town of Lezo. A few days later, on March 17, Francisco del Castillo then led the revolt in Aklan. In a battle that ensued, the former pearl diver turned Katipunan general was felled by a bullet and died. In the aftermath of the rebellion, Candido Iban and 18 other revolutionaries of Aklan were executed.</span></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="color: #050505; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">Indeed, an extraordinary story for two extraordinary men. There should be a yearly award for outstanding OFWs of the present—and it should be in honor of Francisco del Castillo and Candido Iban.</span></div></div></div><div dir="auto"><span style="color: #050505; font-family: arial; font-size: 15px; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><br /></span></div><div dir="auto" style="color: #050505; font-size: 15px; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div></div>Francis Yumulhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10123922763636960380noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7270113491666005685.post-76705478585590706502023-10-30T05:58:00.000-07:002024-01-13T05:23:49.813-08:00Narcisa Rizal Lopez, "SISA" -- (1852-1939) <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6jIAcqDi9ImQC64acWXrgjoeo3JctPzFiGs4031OoigUfb9DN2bq019Ig7vmSrZ9kKRiCnayAfSVoLC_bRU-_WBA_LOWFXYVT3SnFycwnImrh3cd6p7b7DFL7KHjl4d-OBqEzCgC-Nzm66aIssiA5rquHJMMDT5YOV2pjC1RjnZ9MKxNhkwDXv3QyO-J3/s516/Narcisa%20Rizal%20May%201936.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="516" data-original-width="443" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6jIAcqDi9ImQC64acWXrgjoeo3JctPzFiGs4031OoigUfb9DN2bq019Ig7vmSrZ9kKRiCnayAfSVoLC_bRU-_WBA_LOWFXYVT3SnFycwnImrh3cd6p7b7DFL7KHjl4d-OBqEzCgC-Nzm66aIssiA5rquHJMMDT5YOV2pjC1RjnZ9MKxNhkwDXv3QyO-J3/w550-h640/Narcisa%20Rizal%20May%201936.jpg" width="550" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #050505; text-align: left; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><i><b>One of the last photos of Jose Rizal's sister Narcisa, taken a couple of years before her passing in 1939. </b></i></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #050505; white-space-collapse: preserve;">In a newspaper interview, Narcisa mentioned that the character of Sisa in the Noli Me Tangere was actually based not only on her name but also on the life she had as a mother. She confided that she received a letter from her brother telling her that he was adopting her nickname for one of the characters in a novel (Noli Me Tangere) which he was </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #050505; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><a style="color: #385898; cursor: pointer;" tabindex="-1"></a></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #050505; white-space-collapse: preserve;">writing that moment in Berlin. She believed it was perhaps her experience of losing two children in infancy that triggered her brother to do so—the sorrow of a mother, with all her loyalty to her husband and devotion to her children. But the character of the searching Sisa was rather prophetic. Years later, Narcisa would then look around the "arrabales" (outskirts) of Manila, trying to locate where the Spaniards brought the remains of her executed brother. Searching around like a fool perhaps? Like Sisa?</span></span></p><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">Narcisa Rizal Lopez's search that faithful day of December brought her by chance to the abandoned Old Paco Cemetery where she noticed a group of Guardia Civil. It was highly unusual for the Guardia Civil to be there. She went inside without being questioned. Then Narcisa noticed freshly dug earth, roughly the length of a man. She had the inclination that beneath it lay her brother's mortal remains.</span></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">Narcisa had a plaque made with the initials of her brother in reverse, R.P.J., and bribed the cemetery guardian to mark it at the site. Hoping that someday, in better circumstances, they could retrieve the body and give it a proper burial.</span></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">Sometimes we need such stories to value more our heroes and the people who surrounded them during their times.</span></div><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div dir="auto"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiVFzUkKdOXoSBduti1sG4PZFa3vHM5JgtWSUPufh-_NB949QewO0Sulqhpb9I9xFDa57b4FiXkE34UPjUn8qfFbxRXjMhLQ796JKEfGavNY44z77W7oz8bvhjrJmwFQi1sz1Eu9Uv8vQ0Tmfr8-Ch5UnXsHXUJZIkiKzKaGbwakvXMR5e25T7keb0QBql/s761/sis2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="761" data-original-width="554" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiVFzUkKdOXoSBduti1sG4PZFa3vHM5JgtWSUPufh-_NB949QewO0Sulqhpb9I9xFDa57b4FiXkE34UPjUn8qfFbxRXjMhLQ796JKEfGavNY44z77W7oz8bvhjrJmwFQi1sz1Eu9Uv8vQ0Tmfr8-Ch5UnXsHXUJZIkiKzKaGbwakvXMR5e25T7keb0QBql/w466-h640/sis2.jpg" width="466" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; text-align: start; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><i><b>Truly, a formidable speaker in getting young people into the habit of reading. This was 1934, Narcisa Rizal-Lopez speaking at the Luneta for the Book Week program. She reminded the audience about the importance given by her brother on books and reading.</b></i></span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><br /><br /><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiSymVNFEBJkMp4XPwg5cux41irVlPkhL2aJF71SZ_8cPau6vyHpi0Xus1gy6g8ZXV3w4Du38gUbm4RjDna-e7YQk-UAuvHXVsp3nz8ZIdwwdsFbe3HDU7GauYlEOwCZE2pZdu_pgeI2-J4y5kEqwHy7X6ynfzuTyYqASNcYxuelrUQORW3_WwY7pwMS0j/s1024/sis%203.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="715" data-original-width="1024" height="446" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiSymVNFEBJkMp4XPwg5cux41irVlPkhL2aJF71SZ_8cPau6vyHpi0Xus1gy6g8ZXV3w4Du38gUbm4RjDna-e7YQk-UAuvHXVsp3nz8ZIdwwdsFbe3HDU7GauYlEOwCZE2pZdu_pgeI2-J4y5kEqwHy7X6ynfzuTyYqASNcYxuelrUQORW3_WwY7pwMS0j/w640-h446/sis%203.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i><b><span style="color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; text-align: start;">Narcisa Rizal Lopez signing her name in the campaign for women's suffrage in the Philippines. Photo-May 22. 1935. -- </span><span style="color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; text-align: start;">The 1935 Philippine constitution prescribed that the right of suffrage would be extended to women provided that 300,000 women voted in its favor in a national plebiscite. A General Council of Women was then established in Manila to direct the plebiscite campaign. Its aim was to draw the support of the broadest number of women and launch various forms of campaign through public speeches, mass media and personal connections. As it turned out, 447,725 women voted yes for this measure in the 1937 Philippine women's suffrage plebiscite.</span></b></i></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div></div>Francis Yumulhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10123922763636960380noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7270113491666005685.post-63247728792785201972023-10-21T06:27:00.000-07:002024-01-13T05:47:09.762-08:00The Story of the Benlliure Bust of Juan Luna<p><br /></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVuCuygc-GvPctJf6sWSfEsH9dhKrDPq3uql-DHc_5rxkwotvGQv_ich14ANxs_0_neantx71UmJ8xqhyphenhyphenAdrzTW8hMM0rly_nZLEtBOn-Pz4a1-REWvRGQYCt5-sC1q7zbNn4OymbhJnYh5JJ_L_JFQ_RjRFrNr79EJBaielGe6xdNTPQ-HomHB0gO-guT/s741/lunaber.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="741" data-original-width="614" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVuCuygc-GvPctJf6sWSfEsH9dhKrDPq3uql-DHc_5rxkwotvGQv_ich14ANxs_0_neantx71UmJ8xqhyphenhyphenAdrzTW8hMM0rly_nZLEtBOn-Pz4a1-REWvRGQYCt5-sC1q7zbNn4OymbhJnYh5JJ_L_JFQ_RjRFrNr79EJBaielGe6xdNTPQ-HomHB0gO-guT/w530-h640/lunaber.jpg" width="530" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span face=""Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: arial; text-align: left;"><i><b>Photo of Juan Luna in his Paris studio. The Benlliure bust of Luna could be seen on display . Is this the one we have now in the National Museum? Definitely not.</b></i></span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p><span style="background-color: white; color: #050505;"><span style="font-family: arial;">What Luna had in his studio could be the very first bust Benlliure created from the original mold he made for Luna in 1884. Judging from it's color, it could also be a plaster cast. But if you look carefully, you can still see that the "cuello" (neck) is depicted with a suit.</span></span></p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br style="background-color: white; color: #050505;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #050505;">Now, sometime in 1920, a group of Spanish artists who were friends of Juan Luna approached Mariano Benlliure and asked the renowned sculptor to make another copy from the old cast of the Luna bust. It is a common practice among sculptors to keep the original cast of their works. From that prototype, Benlliure then did a retouch and made the "cuello" naked. However, he did not change the old signature or monogram, so it still carries the date 1884. This retouched bust was actually part of the so-called gifts from this group of Spanish artists, friends of Luna, to the Filipino people. Another gift was a copy of the Spoliarium. The Philippine government received these gifts in 1922.</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #050505;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #050505;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #050505;">What is on display right now in the National Museum most likely is the bust cast by Benlliure in 1920. But there is one indicator to prove it was the one created and retouched by the artist himself in that year. A mark was left by the foundry that cast it. Underneath the "cuello," there is a written inscription that reads "Mir y Ferrero. Fundidores. Madrid."</span></span><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #050505;">Benlliure and Luna are what we can describe as "soul brothers." It was actually Benlliure who arranged the submission of the boceto (sketch) of Luna's "La Batalla de Lepanto" (dated 1887) to the committee and office created by the Spanish Senate for the renovation and beautification of the Senate. Luna, at that time, was in Paris, and time constraints prevented him from personally bringing the boceto to the committee. As we all know the commissioned work was approved. The "Batalla de Lepanto" is said to be still there, hanging on the wall of the Spanish Senate.</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #050505;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #050505;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #050505;">Finally, when looking at the list of artist friends of Luna who confessed to being admirers and true friends of the Filipino artist, I am awed just by reading their names. Some of these artists even went as far as testifying for Luna in his double murder case, and some were even in the gallery during the trial.</span></span></div><div><span face="Segoe UI Historic, Segoe UI, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #050505;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span face="Segoe UI Historic, Segoe UI, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #050505;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXoIF2ex6tawVViShl5KHN-aDUAuyBX4MAXR8PmJy7bSG_G5k2ubR77tKTwn0VknU4r0FG5glok0BEwMNOT3kBYevL-Jahd6i3POmhqA-q74quun721_P0ztA4H5Ygar3kKc0GB7UOs-XHCKJENfGYXhoMJzicf3U1lzWaem5kzgSWzt0ow27WM4JmwgLb/s711/lunbelhid.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="711" data-original-width="468" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXoIF2ex6tawVViShl5KHN-aDUAuyBX4MAXR8PmJy7bSG_G5k2ubR77tKTwn0VknU4r0FG5glok0BEwMNOT3kBYevL-Jahd6i3POmhqA-q74quun721_P0ztA4H5Ygar3kKc0GB7UOs-XHCKJENfGYXhoMJzicf3U1lzWaem5kzgSWzt0ow27WM4JmwgLb/w422-h640/lunbelhid.jpg" width="422" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #050505; text-align: start; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><i><span style="font-size: 15px;">T</span><span style="font-family: arial;">he young Juan Luna, (on crouch position), with bosom friends, Spanish sculptor Mariano Benlliure (seating) and Felix Ressureccion Hildago, standing at the back. The photo was taken in Rome 1882 with a group of Spanish artists.</span></i></span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br /></span></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDevWqvi5RoiPZqkizX0XSvL0i0f2oHfKYGcTHNUTXHTA9j6k320B32Fc96tdMWEoZt7ILh6rf-FyFqKWLSbHRorgqDFfN7_DobxjzAZ0aZlkbcBtOnfTj4RcTVD0pZv-01xFxSISUbs95xQP3bT1IQs6wykuoyxMiBalkUQ8JtA4ntSrap_aUY-r6D9YV/s1024/bell.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><i><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="698" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDevWqvi5RoiPZqkizX0XSvL0i0f2oHfKYGcTHNUTXHTA9j6k320B32Fc96tdMWEoZt7ILh6rf-FyFqKWLSbHRorgqDFfN7_DobxjzAZ0aZlkbcBtOnfTj4RcTVD0pZv-01xFxSISUbs95xQP3bT1IQs6wykuoyxMiBalkUQ8JtA4ntSrap_aUY-r6D9YV/w436-h640/bell.png" width="436" /></i></span></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: #f0f2f5; color: #050505; text-align: start;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><i>UST Museum has this Benlliure with a "cuello" in their collection --Photo by At Maculangan)</i></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijZkUbUZ0QnZlZs2nZ6F99tKTBhRRl9cSSvl-DhVthKGKhP3zAk2AJ9Iw8RkF24nx89ZRAKYqAaMlofck0hoKCXX96tCQmGXdhLx4kWd0_tesGxzoKxVTmfPd3LY_PTe3yKSShq37SFssi3qZrj_FwZpEE5tp75TVpvqFSidxaG-0Zy8nGHJiqdT6VJsNB/s3100/mariano-benlliure-y-gil-bust-of-juan-lun-EPY6D.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3100" data-original-width="3100" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijZkUbUZ0QnZlZs2nZ6F99tKTBhRRl9cSSvl-DhVthKGKhP3zAk2AJ9Iw8RkF24nx89ZRAKYqAaMlofck0hoKCXX96tCQmGXdhLx4kWd0_tesGxzoKxVTmfPd3LY_PTe3yKSShq37SFssi3qZrj_FwZpEE5tp75TVpvqFSidxaG-0Zy8nGHJiqdT6VJsNB/w400-h400/mariano-benlliure-y-gil-bust-of-juan-lun-EPY6D.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: #f0f2f5; color: #050505; font-size: 15px; text-align: start;"><span style="font-family: arial;">T<i>he one now on display in the National Museun</i></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div><br /></div>Francis Yumulhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10123922763636960380noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7270113491666005685.post-34667326431273050112023-08-15T19:22:00.012-07:002023-08-15T23:32:30.471-07:00The Brass Band Tradition of Pasig: A Historical Overview<p><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQLHrY5M42Uw0WnduPIRpVcv2A_bbUQY1rZEBEO9Jn7hC8unvN3ZrjmlB6YgOJDkGIyhIHaApwgeBcZl-vEHRzr4oSxSolZG-rFv0_gdth8gejZG7D-mkwSC4vhIUQxHgvdHCsMHvCAzSgsu9VLgfZSOcacm3FROWq1jS5Ag8pb2GRM_SRGnt75FkRPDcC/s976/banda%20pasig%20(2).jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="930" data-original-width="976" height="610" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQLHrY5M42Uw0WnduPIRpVcv2A_bbUQY1rZEBEO9Jn7hC8unvN3ZrjmlB6YgOJDkGIyhIHaApwgeBcZl-vEHRzr4oSxSolZG-rFv0_gdth8gejZG7D-mkwSC4vhIUQxHgvdHCsMHvCAzSgsu9VLgfZSOcacm3FROWq1jS5Ag8pb2GRM_SRGnt75FkRPDcC/w640-h610/banda%20pasig%20(2).jpg" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><div class="xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs x126k92a" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Introduction</b></span></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">The late 19th century until the early years of the American occupation witnessed Pasig's thriving and renowned brass band tradition. However, over time, this vibrant cultural heritage slipped into obscurity, fading from the memory of the Pasigueños.The purpose of this article is to rekindle the narrative of Pasig's brass band tradition, shedding light on its historical, cultural, and musical significance. By examining the tradition's roots in the fusion of <a style="color: #385898; cursor: pointer;" tabindex="-1"></a>Catholicism and Western music, its role in religious and communal contexts, and its eventual decline, we aim to celebrate and re-establish this lost legacy. </span></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Harmony of Faith and Music: The Arrival of Western Musical Tradition</b></span></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">Pasig's musical journey was intertwined with the arrival of the Catholic faith and Western music in the Philippines. The Catholic Church, a harbinger of both Christian beliefs and Western culture, played a pivotal role in introducing traditional European music to the archipelago. The resounding toll of bells in the "Bajo de la Campana" heralded not just the presence of a physical church but also symbolized the fusion of Castilian conquest and indigenous spirituality. </span></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">The term "Bajo de la Campana" still has a wide meaning—UP musicologist and former UP College of music dean Jose Semblante Buensuceso mentrioned -- ”When the Spaniards arrived in Cebu-- 'The former gongs or gangsa of the Cebuanos were replaced by the big DONG-DONG of the church that was built of the Spaniards.. The complete embrace of the natives in the Catholic religion</span></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">With the advent of the Manila-Acapulco Galleon Trade, a tide of objects imbued with religious and Western cultural significance surged into the archipelago. Among these were cuadros and religious paintings originating from Europe and the Americas. Accompanying these visual treasures were devotional books, Bibles, stamps, and rosaries, encapsulating the profound intertwining of faith and culture.</span></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">Instruments of music, too, embarked on this journey, forging a melodious bridge between distant lands. The regal (organ), a prominent fixture in churches, made its appearance, accompanied by stringed instruments such as the viol, lute, and vihuela (guitar). The symphony of sounds extended further with the inclusion of wind instruments—recorders, flutes, trumpets, clarions, and trombones.</span></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">Indeed, the infusion of musical instruments became a poignant symbol of Western culture's integration. Its arrival was a testament to the profound transformation experienced by the archipelago, wherein the resonance of these instruments echoed far beyond mere notes and melodies. The very presence of these instruments served as a tangible reminder of the historical encounter, also a mark of the Spanish subjugation of the Philippines' native spirit.</span></div></div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #050505; font-family: arial;"><span style="white-space-collapse: preserve;">In this atmosphere, a tradition emerged. The indigenous population became students of musical art, practicing their singing and mastering instruments. The organ, a grand presence in the church halls, symbolized this musical effort. When an organ wasn't available, the vihuela or the guitar gracefully took its place. As time went by the tradition of putting up instrument ensembles for many religious feast and rites became a common practice.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background-color: white; color: #050505; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="font-family: arial;">An example of the incorporation of ensemble musical instruments in the church rites and celebrations in Pasig can be found in the book of Fr. Pedro Murillo Velarde SJ— "Historia de la Provincia de Philipinas". It describes the fluvial procession (pagoda) of the Virgen de Antipolo in 1748, as it traveled from Intramuros to Antipolo and made a stop in the coastal community of the town of Pasig, along the Pasig River.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #050505;"><span style="white-space-collapse: preserve;">Fr. Pedro Murillo Velarde mentions that the procession passed through the town of Pasig, where the banks of the river were lined with arches, flags, hangings, and altars. It stopped in front of two of these altars,. The Blessed Virgin was honored with devotional loas, and beautiful songs of sweet and gentle voices, with pleasant accompaniment of instruments. The harmonizing tones of fiddles, harps, violoncellos, flutes, and oboes went with the continuous fireworks interpolated by the</span></span></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #050505; white-space-collapse: preserve;"> joyful military harmony of drums, cornets, and clarions.</span></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0RQwH7xn5RRpLlw08g92PxHe3eNNFSi4jm15Kelus4h6A-l80akuVPLvBnOJL86o5FlilYDBTohg1QmYSOYwztAFR6c2owR0ZxB0FHAQ7lLx27V0rGIIVk81Or3ccZMBhFIA4ZnMU4m2FA19GAZgfvQDohgUs7W_ctn5u_iAmnk1hi2NfDiNFIiRq5lgC/s937/vela.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="582" data-original-width="937" height="398" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0RQwH7xn5RRpLlw08g92PxHe3eNNFSi4jm15Kelus4h6A-l80akuVPLvBnOJL86o5FlilYDBTohg1QmYSOYwztAFR6c2owR0ZxB0FHAQ7lLx27V0rGIIVk81Or3ccZMBhFIA4ZnMU4m2FA19GAZgfvQDohgUs7W_ctn5u_iAmnk1hi2NfDiNFIiRq5lgC/w640-h398/vela.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: arial; text-align: left; white-space-collapse: preserve;"> Fr. Pedro Murillo Velarde SJ— "Historia de la Provincia de Philipinas". (Published in Manila) 1749</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><br /><div class="xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs x126k92a" style="background-color: white; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><div dir="auto" style="color: #050505; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>The Influence of the "Age of Enlightenment" </b></span></div><div dir="auto" style="color: #050505; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div dir="auto"><div class="xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs x126k92a" style="color: #050505; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">The Age of Enlightenment was a period of intellectual and cultural activity that originated in Europe, emphasizing the value of "reason" over traditions, superstitions, religious doctrines, and customary practices. The primary goal was to advance human well-being through Science. This era also championed liberalism, promoting open discussions among citizens on intellectual matters and opposing excessive or misleading church and religious teachings. It was marked by the presence of notable <a style="color: #385898; cursor: pointer;" tabindex="-1"></a>historical figures like Newton, Voltaire, Humbolt, Rousseau, Handel, and others. The "Masonry" movement gained popularity during this time, alongside the emergence of "salons" in Europe—informal gatherings where writers, philosophers, and artists shared their works. Composers and musicians, such as Liszt and Chopin, were influenced by this atmosphere and integrated it into their salon music.</span></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="color: #050505; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">In the Philippines, a comparable concept is the "Tertulia," which refers to nightly musical recitals organized by leading citizens in a community. This concept became a common feature in the 19th Century in the country.</span></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><div dir="auto" style="color: #050505; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="font-family: arial;">This period also witnessed the rise of regimental bands within the colonial government and town bands in various places throughout the Philippines. Prof. Felipe de Leon Jr. commented on this, stating, "The village and town bands became part of the birth, baptism, joy, and death of many Filipinos."</span></div><div dir="auto" style="color: #050505; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div dir="auto" style="color: #050505; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="color: black; font-family: arial; white-space-collapse: collapse;">The brass band tradition echoed in the pages of Philippine history, even finding mention in the works of our national hero, Jose Rizal. In his novel </span><i style="color: black; font-family: arial; white-space-collapse: collapse;">Noli Me Tangere</i><span style="color: black; font-family: arial; white-space-collapse: collapse;">, Rizal referred to the "diana" as the precursor to festivities, encapsulating the tradition's enduring role in signaling the commencement of celebrations. Today, the "diana" continues to resound through the streets of Pasig during local barrio fiestas, a testament to the persistence of culture.</span></div><div dir="auto" style="color: #050505; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="color: black; font-family: arial; white-space-collapse: collapse;"><br /></span></div><div dir="auto" style="color: #050505; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="color: black; font-family: arial; white-space-collapse: collapse;"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgeKHzWQYiLM1cEMyxj0Uq7y1266LAq43nWIeQGR7kNhBVvMjN5Q7P2PIlkkad5uuCi5JwiFNSi5PvQQKczZTpv8Hdb_I2fXQlrTKJAIPv2LxlWjbuPi20iFIvdWsop1NJ1bDOm_E_79gqQ_dpJO2_BqlqptxYTy9vOAqq2Py8H6UQdzHzB-mQDlibx3H4J/s711/dayanara.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="711" data-original-width="571" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgeKHzWQYiLM1cEMyxj0Uq7y1266LAq43nWIeQGR7kNhBVvMjN5Q7P2PIlkkad5uuCi5JwiFNSi5PvQQKczZTpv8Hdb_I2fXQlrTKJAIPv2LxlWjbuPi20iFIvdWsop1NJ1bDOm_E_79gqQ_dpJO2_BqlqptxYTy9vOAqq2Py8H6UQdzHzB-mQDlibx3H4J/w514-h640/dayanara.png" width="514" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"></td></tr></tbody></table></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; color: #050505; text-align: center; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div class="xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs x126k92a" style="margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-align: left;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;"><i>The Concept of the "Diana" in Philippine Marching Band Culture-- Jose Rizal mentioned the tern "diana" in the Noli. In Chapter 30, as dawn breaks in the fictional town of San Diego, being the day of the town's Fiesta, the marching bands wake the community with the diana --The general term used to the music played as a call to start festivities. The "Diana", pronounced by Filpino band musicians as "jana", is also the signal that the town marching band will then make <a style="color: #385898; cursor: pointer;" tabindex="-1"></a>their rounds or "ronda" (to some "paseo") to the town, playing martial music and paso dobles. In my barangay in Pasig, we still experience the "diana", for, in the early morning of our barrio fiesta, bands make rounds. With people seemingly oblivious that what they are witnessing is actually a very old tradition.</i></span></div></div></div><br /><div dir="auto" style="color: #050505; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><br /></div><div dir="auto" style="color: #050505; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><b style="color: black; font-family: arial; white-space-collapse: collapse;">Pasig Brass Band Tradition</b></div><div dir="auto" style="color: #050505; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="color: black; font-family: arial; white-space-collapse: collapse;"><br /></span></div><div dir="auto" style="color: #050505; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div class="xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs x126k92a" style="margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">In an account of a Belgian traveler Jean de Man, who visited Pasig in 1821, the relationship between the fiesta, devotion to the patron, and brass band music is documented in his "Souvenirs d'un voyage aux Îles Philippines, 1875" (Recollections of a voyage to the Philippines) </span></div><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">Here are some excerpts:</span></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">"After a six-hour journey (from Manila along the Pasig River), we arrived at the town of Pasig.</span></div><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">We spent the remainder of the day in the town, where a grand festival <a style="color: #385898; cursor: pointer;" tabindex="-1"></a>was underway.</span></div><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">Pasig is a sizable and splendid town; its inhabitants are relatively prosperous, acting as intermediaries in trade between Laguna and Manila. </span><span style="font-family: arial;">We were warmly welcomed by the Augustinian priests who serve in the church and convent. Following a sumptuous dinner generously provided by the priests, we observed the procession departing from the church at sunset. The procession's opulence reflects the town's affluence; the church's main altar is crafted from solid silver. </span><span style="font-family: arial;">By eight o'clock in the evening, the procession would return to the church. The four bands of accompanying musicians, now free, paraded through the crowd, playing polkas and other lively melodies. Occasional bursts of firecrackers illuminated the sky, creating a magnificent display.</span></div><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div dir="auto"><div class="xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs x126k92a" style="margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">During the later part of the 19th Century and extending into the early decades of the 1900s, brass bands from barrios outside Manila and various parts of the Philippines began to be organized by music-loving citizens, local impresarios, and prominent figures. In Pasig, bands from the barrios of Buting and Rosario gained popularity, not only within their respective localities but also across the entire town. Members were carefully selected and trained within these barrios, <a style="color: #385898; cursor: pointer;" tabindex="-1"></a>with a specific emphasis on nurturing the musical talents of children and youth.</span></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">By the 1930s, Pasig proudly showcased three exceptional bands: Banda Ocho, Banda Dimas-alang, and the much-celebrated Banda Pasig. These bands held a distinguished position not just within the Rizal Province or Manila, but also within the broader national context. Regarded as some of the finest in the entire country, these bands were sought after for their expertise in training brass ensembles. One such esteemed maestro was Prof. Vicente Marifosqui, a native of Pasig, whose exceptional skill in training brass bands was widely acknowledged and revered.</span></div></div></div><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Maestro Vicente Marifosqui</b></span></div><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmK8ke3n8X8qeQkgqq0mlRRO2ECTGzqK05z_N-gQLWOotxDloVBe9PUsp64D5GYTe57tf4kM4G2VEQunomjCfojEV5MnZVLxqQrUex9B0Iohk-UdTy0GbRrA-SBlivUkv5De2YoBDhG36DfXYHNkulC7XmonafoIxDHj4rhmsS1cbCXFioPLYbcu5sLQwR/s732/Marifosqui%20(2).jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="732" data-original-width="404" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmK8ke3n8X8qeQkgqq0mlRRO2ECTGzqK05z_N-gQLWOotxDloVBe9PUsp64D5GYTe57tf4kM4G2VEQunomjCfojEV5MnZVLxqQrUex9B0Iohk-UdTy0GbRrA-SBlivUkv5De2YoBDhG36DfXYHNkulC7XmonafoIxDHj4rhmsS1cbCXFioPLYbcu5sLQwR/w354-h640/Marifosqui%20(2).jpg" width="354" /></a></div><br /></b></span></div><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div dir="auto"><div class="xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs x126k92a" style="margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">Vicente T. Marifosqui was born in 1865 in Pasig into a family with a deep appreciation for music. Their residence, known as "Villa Marifosqui," served as a cherished gathering spot for musicians, composers, and artists, hosting numerous recitals and meetings. Marifosqui pursued formal training in music theory, harmony, and conducting under various maestros in Quiapo, Manila.</span></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">He is recognized for his role in organizing prominent bands and orchestras of his era, most <a style="color: #385898; cursor: pointer;" tabindex="-1"></a>notably the Rizal Orchestra. Additionally, he served as the conductor for the "Banda Guardia Nacional." Following his tenure with the said band, he founded the "Banda Dimas alang" in his hometown—a band that quickly gained acclaim throughout Manila and the Rizal province. Renowned for performing intricate and demanding pieces, the "Banda Dimas alang" became a highly sought-after musical group.</span></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">Prof. Marifosqui's influence extended beyond Pasig, as he is credited with training several leading bands in the Rizal and Cavite provinces during the American period. His passing in February 1936 marked the end of an era. Remarkably, despite his significant contributions to Pasig's rich musical heritage, there exists no street or institution within the city that honors his legacy.</span></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">Regrettably, Marifosqui seems to have faded from the collective memory of the place to which he so generously imparted his talent and unwavering dedication</span></div></div></div><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div dir="auto"><b style="color: black; white-space-collapse: collapse;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Banda Pasig: A Beacon in History</span></b></div></div></div><div dir="auto"><div class="xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs x126k92a" style="color: #050505; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">The Banda Pasig, a regimental band within the revolutionary army, embodied a profound connection between Pasig's heritage and history. Through its involvement in the Battle of Manila and its rendition of the national anthem during the opening of the Malolos Congress, the melodies of Banda Pasig resonated during pivotal junctures of the Filipino struggle for independence. Its sponsorship by Bonifacio Arevalo, a founding member of "La Liga Filipina," further solidifies its <a style="color: #385898; cursor: pointer;" tabindex="-1"></a>place within the annals of Philippine history.</span></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="color: #050505; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">Banda Pasig found itself in dire financial straits when Bonifacio Arevalo, a dentist with ties to the town of Pasig, stepped in to offer assistance. By augmenting its membership, he bolstered the band's status, ultimately transforming it into a prominent ensemble. This elevation led to its designation as one of the regimental bands of the revolutionary army, a distinction personally chosen by General Emilio Aguinaldo.</span></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><div dir="auto" style="color: #050505; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="font-family: arial;">In August of 1898, amid the tense standoff at the gates of Manila, Banda Pasig stood alongside Colonel Juan Cailles' forces, serving as the regimental band. As Filipino rebels aimed to capture the walled city while American forces thwarted their efforts, Banda Pasig's music echoed through the turmoil. When the American side pressed for a retreat, Colonel Cailles and his officers initially resisted. However, upon receiving a command from Aguinaldo to pull back, Cailles reluctantly complied. Yet, he orchestrated the retreat with an air of defiance and courage, he did it with bravura. </span><span style="font-family: arial;">In a stirring display, he directed the Banda Pasig to play a triumphant march—a resounding message of retreat without surrender, a promise to fight another day. The detailed account of this retreat is well-documented in the book "War in the Philippines and Life and Glorious Deeds of Admiral Dewey" by John Stickney.</span></div><div dir="auto" style="color: #050505; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div dir="auto"><div class="xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs x126k92a" style="color: #050505; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">In the weeks leading up to the establishment of a government in Malolos, General Emilio Aguinaldo was accompanied by the Pasig Band. As they made their way to Malolos, General Aguinaldo made a brief stop in the town of Pasig. Here, he was warmly received by prominent citizens of the town, who treated him to a captivating musical performance. The Pasig Band played stirring martial melodies outside, adding to the anticipation of <a style="color: #385898; cursor: pointer;" tabindex="-1"></a>the crowd gathered to catch a glimpse of the esteemed general.</span></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="color: #050505; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">A significant moment occurred on September 15, 1898, during the inauguration of the Malolos Congress. The Banda Pasig was accorded the distinct honor of performing the "Marcha Nacional," -- the national anthem of the Philippines.</span></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="color: #050505; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">Even with the advent of American governance in the country, the Banda Pasig continued to shine brightly. In 1902, the band was selected to represent the Philippines in the Hanoi Exposition in Vietnam. Their performance was a highlight of the Philippine pavilion, showcasing the country's rich cultural heritage to an international audience.</span></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="color: #050505; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">The Banda Pasig remained a central figure in events of national significance. A notable instance took place on December 30, 1904, during a Rizal Day concert held at the Zorilla Theater. During this event, the Pasig Band joined forces with the Rizal Orchestra to deliver a remarkable combined performance. One of the highlights was a rearranged rendition of Julio Nakpil's "Marangal na Dalit ng Katagalugan," which was renamed "Salve Patria."</span></div></div></div><div dir="auto" style="color: #050505; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div dir="auto" style="color: #050505; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div dir="auto" style="color: #050505; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><b style="color: black; white-space-collapse: collapse;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The Decline and Disappearance: Unraveling the Threads</span></b></div><div dir="auto" style="color: #050505; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><b style="color: black; white-space-collapse: collapse;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></b></div><div dir="auto"><div class="xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs x126k92a" style="color: #050505; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">Despite its once resplendent grandeur, the esteemed brass band tradition in Pasig gradually receded into the recesses of collective memory. This fading prominence can be attributed to an interplay of various factors, casting a shadow on its former prominence. Among these factors, the most notable include the oversight in transferring its legacy to younger generations, the shifting winds of musical preferences, and the sway of economic realities.</span></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="color: #050505; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">The magnetic pull of emerging <a style="color: #385898; cursor: pointer;" tabindex="-1"></a>musical genres, from the late 1950s through the rise of Pop music, orchestrated a diminishing resonance for the cherished traditions of the traditional brass bands. In the passage of time, the echoes of these bands were gradually replaced by new harmonies that captivated contemporary audiences.</span></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><div dir="auto" style="color: #050505; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Pasig's brass band tradition has lost its former vibrancy, with only one or two locally rooted bands remaining. Additionally, the city government maintains a band within its program, overseen by the city's arts and cultural office. However, it's notable that a substantial portion of the band's members are non-residents of Pasig. The city administration does periodically promote initiatives aimed at rejuvenating awareness of this musical heritage, yet the fervor it commands today pales in comparison to the fervent devotion that once reverberated through the hearts of </span><span style="font-family: arial;">Pasigueños</span><span style="font-family: arial;"> more than a century ago.</span></div><div dir="auto" style="color: #050505; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div dir="auto"><div class="xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs x126k92a" style="color: #050505; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Resurrecting Pasig's Musical Legacy</b></span></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="color: #050505; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">In the pursuit of reviving Pasig's dormant brass band tradition, a collective journey of cultural preservation and revival must unfurl. The resonant echoes of this cherished tradition, now faint and somehow forgotten, beckon us to rekindle its flame and infuse it with newfound vitality. As we traverse this path, it is imperative to ignite the spark of interest among younger generations and meticulously document the oral histories that make up this cultural heritage.</span></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="color: #050505; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">Central to this revitalization is the recognition of luminaries like Prof. Vicente T. Marifosqui, whose contributions remain etched in the annals of Pasig's musical history. By honoring their legacy, we bridge the temporal chasm and breathe life into the past, allowing it to gracefully coalesce with the present.</span></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="color: #050505; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Conclusion: Rediscovering Pasig's Melodic Heritage</b></span></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="color: #050505; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div dir="auto"><div class="xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs x126k92a" style="margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">The forgotten brass band tradition holds a deep connection to Pasig's history and culture. Its revival is a lively celebration of the past, honoring the music that used to flow through the city. This effort isn't just a look back; it's a determined step toward a future filled with musical richness.</span></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">By preserving, educating, and blending traditions, Pasig stands ready to unite its heritage with the present generation. Together, we can bring back the sweet sounds of brass bands, ensuring <a style="color: #385898; cursor: pointer;" tabindex="-1"></a>they continue to thrive. This resurgence serves as a powerful reminder that Pasig's musical spirit will always remain in harmony with the passage of time.</span></div></div></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><div dir="auto" style="color: #050505; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div dir="auto" style="color: #050505; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div dir="auto" style="color: #050505; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div dir="auto" style="color: #050505; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div dir="auto"><span style="color: #050505; font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><span style="white-space-collapse: preserve;"><b> <i>Postscript</i></b></span></span></div><div dir="auto"><span style="color: #050505; font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><span style="white-space-collapse: preserve;"><b><i><br /></i></b></span></span></div><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #050505;">This is from a recent lecture conference, </span><span face=""Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #050505;"> "</span><span face=""Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #050505; white-space-collapse: preserve;">Kumperensya ng Araling Pasig" held </span><span face=""Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #050505;">at Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Pasig (PLP). May 3 2023. Under the direction of Dr. Wensley Reyes. I </span><span face="Segoe UI Historic, Segoe UI, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #050505;"><span>discussed my paper, <b>"The Brass Band Tradition of Pasig"</b> -- a cultural heritage </span></span><span face=""Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #050505;">now gone in the collective memory of Pasigueños.</span></span></div><div dir="auto"><span face="Segoe UI Historic, Segoe UI, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #050505;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br /></span></span></div><div dir="auto"><span face="Segoe UI Historic, Segoe UI, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #050505;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqfprMykkb2AFZzLbRTN33xPBAtmT-Dzx0tlFroZd3mhUxS4GBqAwL9UwXsa_i0MPw2rwU0Bhwj41sEvC_bqM2o4PxPvS5Uy9ut4AtJ95sJaaPyISxPh93CMZhGJy_kxYoqQOUGQJlQLF5qgwdiVsiah8UY7p_od4e3gO0pNg0jHLI-92HZehQJvSNwdd6/s1073/akuta.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="802" data-original-width="1073" height="478" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqfprMykkb2AFZzLbRTN33xPBAtmT-Dzx0tlFroZd3mhUxS4GBqAwL9UwXsa_i0MPw2rwU0Bhwj41sEvC_bqM2o4PxPvS5Uy9ut4AtJ95sJaaPyISxPh93CMZhGJy_kxYoqQOUGQJlQLF5qgwdiVsiah8UY7p_od4e3gO0pNg0jHLI-92HZehQJvSNwdd6/w640-h478/akuta.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /></span></span></div><div dir="auto"><span face="Segoe UI Historic, Segoe UI, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #050505;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br /></span></span></div><div dir="auto"><span face="Segoe UI Historic, Segoe UI, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #050505;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br /></span></span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div></div></div>Francis Yumulhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10123922763636960380noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7270113491666005685.post-68113099429682404292023-08-13T06:41:00.005-07:002023-08-13T13:32:37.817-07:00Inventions of Isolation<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9uQB0Wp02OYnwt4meDtHWcACi0X7B8rdiMycqlDYe6ulvN2VMlR3yjg1waERSZ7F49csBAByGLyzaP3I3L0xjXqr8r-_VVogFh-f7b_Q-Q8I0m3ooOpDOZ5TJSjwgHwN7fdM7taFHEeVMI7LeJr2jMBvroUr9FhGCpQdEIACWMH09Xug7ALnfL9VtObym/s728/buddhist-monk-buddhism-meditation-preview.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="487" data-original-width="728" height="429" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9uQB0Wp02OYnwt4meDtHWcACi0X7B8rdiMycqlDYe6ulvN2VMlR3yjg1waERSZ7F49csBAByGLyzaP3I3L0xjXqr8r-_VVogFh-f7b_Q-Q8I0m3ooOpDOZ5TJSjwgHwN7fdM7taFHEeVMI7LeJr2jMBvroUr9FhGCpQdEIACWMH09Xug7ALnfL9VtObym/w640-h429/buddhist-monk-buddhism-meditation-preview.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p><br /></p><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">It is well documented among the great yogis of Varanasi, India, that they possessed this uncommon skill - the ability to control their fart. It is said that before they go to their marathon meditation, they prepare their bodies from the arduous task by controlling first their diet. Lentils and beans are prevented. After that, there will be no more food intake--fasting. Then they will finally go to a trance-like hibernation. Of course, without the inconvenience of releasing air.</span></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">A story goes about an Austrian professor 's experiment on soul levitation or this out of body experience done among the monks of a Tibetan temple at Lhasa. One particular monk was said to have mastered the ability to use an animal-vehicle (vahana). His soul could enter the body of an animal, acquiring its skills and of course, the instinct plus emotion to see the world around. One day, after another experiment, the monk went back to his earthly body in pain and in anguish. It was later discovered that due to what he claimed as poor meditative preparation, his soul ended up inside a young bull in a castration station. </span></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">Why do humans go to isolation? Why the need for solitude, for a new experience? It seems to be that there is this hidden desire to control the mind and body against the curse of being earthly. The planet appears to be one big prison that we want an escape from its limitation and the imperfections it brings us. On earth we go hungry, so we need to work to have food. We also get sick, and we are always at the mercy of the elements. Yes, it is highly improbable but still possible that a meteor can hit your house right at this moment.</span></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">It seems to be also that isolation is part of the thing we call "healing". It got to be profound, though. In the Judeo Christians tradition, prophets and teachers went into isolation. As what Moses did in Mt. Sinai when it is said that he had communicated with God, coming back later with two stone tablets. He did come back strong and imposing. Jesus went into the wilderness, where even the devil was no match trying to tempt him. When he came back, the so-called message of human redemption was well in place.</span></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">The magic number seems to be forty -- τεσσαράκοντα -(tesarakonta or saranta) in Greek, "quadraginta" in Latin and finally "Quaranta" in Italian. That's the etymology or the origin of the word "quarantine". It needed forty days and a vast amount of meditation and fasting that divines like Jesus or Buddha (49 days) to become of the full reality.</span></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">Yet it is said that during the great flood, as described in the biblical story of Noah, it rained for 40 days without ceasing – God seemingly abandoning His creation. Some believe, however, that it was during this time He was in extreme isolation, meditating, while the world was cleansing itself and healing.</span></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">Meditation? I have to invent my own solitude, my own isolation. Perhaps then, the line I am taking right now will be much more profound.</span></div><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">Pasig City. August 2023</span></div></div>Francis Yumulhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10123922763636960380noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7270113491666005685.post-32842921965113823942023-08-11T18:04:00.003-07:002023-08-11T18:04:25.764-07:00In Search of Katipunan's Regimental Music in the Visayas<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsDHbgIv6QcV7SkE5VRvRMImfpe4JU3-UdQ3icKsgGypaXcqzBVgJgUT_B8CZ73PBz4dXoqrn6lb4wVbX1Q1oRLlPJpM1ahxiTgjNywLQUWadBguPOnHaVDK4Pfno84CBMORnGwnIHwQfQS9h6JFNZEvwIBjnTYW-IWXLyD2I8YMdUm2CAtX5GPESZEPCt/s2245/kilatt%20(2).png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2245" data-original-width="1564" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsDHbgIv6QcV7SkE5VRvRMImfpe4JU3-UdQ3icKsgGypaXcqzBVgJgUT_B8CZ73PBz4dXoqrn6lb4wVbX1Q1oRLlPJpM1ahxiTgjNywLQUWadBguPOnHaVDK4Pfno84CBMORnGwnIHwQfQS9h6JFNZEvwIBjnTYW-IWXLyD2I8YMdUm2CAtX5GPESZEPCt/w446-h640/kilatt%20(2).png" width="446" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-family: arial;">Leon Kilat Monument at Bacong town plaza</span></i></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div> <br /><p><span style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: arial; white-space-collapse: preserve;">Many have raised their eyebrows upon hearing me label the Katipunan's regimental music, one of which eventually became our national anthem. Currently, we can only definitively identify two such compositions, though I firmly believe there could be more — who knows?</span></p><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">The "Marcha Nacional Filipina" (Marcha Magdalo) by Julian Felipe, now known as Lupang Hinirang, distinctly carries the spirit of Caviteños, <a style="color: #385898; cursor: pointer;" tabindex="-1"></a>while "Marangal na Dalit ng Katagalugan," later transformed into Salve Patria, composed by Julio Nakpil, serves as the anthem of Manileños (or the "Hymn ng mga Manila Boys," as I sometimes jest). However it was largely unheard and unplayed , even though the suppose anthem is identified with the leadership of Bonifacio, whose influence extends further to the Tagalog pueblos bordering Manila and even into the then province of Morong, encompassing present-day Metro Manila and Rizal Province.</span></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">The Cavite march is infused with themes that unmistakably resemble the royal and plebeian marches of Enlightenment-era Europe. Interestingly, initial listeners of the anthem might find faint echoes of some famous tunes of struggle in its melodies in the recesses of their minds. Nonetheless, it's important to clarify that the musical composition isn't an imitation; rather, it signifies a desire to stand on par with that illustrious tradition. But where do we find the distinct Filipino elements in the music? Even its original Spanish lyrics suffer from a phenomenon known as "prosodia," where syllables, accents, and articulations don't seamlessly align with the melody.</span></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">On the other hand, Nakpil's "Marangal Na Dalit ng Katagalugan," though also crafted within the Western musical tradition, introduces melodies that seem refreshingly novel. Its most prominent uniqueness, however, lies in its lyrics. The piece proudly introduces the term "Katagalugan" — the Tagalog nation — positioning it as a leading force in the struggle against Spain. Much like Lupang Hinirang, the Marangal na Dalit also grapples with the challenge of "prosodia."</span></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">Yet, amidst these discussions, I often find myself wondering about the music associated with other Katipunan units. What are the regimental compositions of the Bicolanos, Kapampangans, and Ilocanos? Similarly, I'm curious about the Katipunan outside of Luzon — the Bisaya. What form does the regimental march of the Visayan Katipunan take? Do they ever had one?</span></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">When we delve into the Bisaya's revolutionary history against Spain, our attention naturally turns to the likes of General Francisco del Castillo and Candido Iban of Aklan and of course General Pantaleon Villegas of Cebu, also known as "Leon Kilat." -- It is said that General Villegas was brought into the Tagalog-founded Katipunan by a Bisayan circus impresario, perhaps a reflection of the omnipresent musical fanfare found in circuses."</span></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">The intrinsic connection between Bisayan individuals and their love for music is often remarked upon, and it is considered a fundamental aspect that resonates with the age-old qualities inherent in their culture and ethnicity. Throughout various emotional junctures encompassing joyous, sorrowful, and triumphant occasions, the Bisayan populace, akin to numerous other ethnicities within the Philippines, has consistently asserted its distinctive identity through musical expressions.</span></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">An illustrative encounter comes to mind, wherein I had the privilege of engaging with a guitarist hailing from the province of Cebu. This musician notably captivated my attention through his adept rendition of melodies utilizing an unconventional tuning system. The distinctive musical calculations and equations inherent to this particular system reverberated in a manner that exuded a discernible and captivating resonance. Regrettably, temporal constraints hindered a more exhaustive exploration and in-depth study of this artist. Nonetheless, this instance encapsulates the essence of my inquiry regarding alternative regimental music—namely, the endeavor to uncover and comprehend the unique musical manifestations arising from the struggles and experiences of a given populace.</span></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">What is the regimental music of the Bisaya to put side by side with the Tagalog's "Lupang Hinirang" and "Marangal na Dalit"?</span></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">What is the regimental music of Leon Kilat?</span></div></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br />Francis Yumulhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10123922763636960380noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7270113491666005685.post-17215079731798030542023-07-13T17:28:00.002-07:002023-08-11T18:09:49.962-07:00Remembering Milan Kundera<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrmBgv9j9ArcaBFJ0xkSD6g49AMxdfOSAW7VOMxbEXDeKnP9v_T_Quo_ugkoJHxGiu9m61rF-VHapVVQg8nR8cCSLY6uT5q-QuSVu-nB1Gps593nUmhQ8n_XlJVJWSCXxMKQeEA5QGX4uieCoHfQKGyCKmOe0AtNUrFGbTLpSgs1ZDWJTKmW7sQJslyZiM/s701/kunde.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="701" data-original-width="526" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrmBgv9j9ArcaBFJ0xkSD6g49AMxdfOSAW7VOMxbEXDeKnP9v_T_Quo_ugkoJHxGiu9m61rF-VHapVVQg8nR8cCSLY6uT5q-QuSVu-nB1Gps593nUmhQ8n_XlJVJWSCXxMKQeEA5QGX4uieCoHfQKGyCKmOe0AtNUrFGbTLpSgs1ZDWJTKmW7sQJslyZiM/w480-h640/kunde.jpg" width="480" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p><span style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #050505; white-space-collapse: preserve;">The first time I heard about Milan Kundera was while catching the S2 train to Au-Waedenswil. The invitation came as an ominous warning: 'Come or you will miss something.' There were only few tickets left for a seat at a theater adaptation of Kundera's work. They promised to treat me to dinner in Niederdorf. Huh! Two classmates asking me out on a date? I was taken aback when one of them quipped, 'So you can take a break from your Hemingway or Akutagawa. Both </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #050505; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><a style="color: #385898; cursor: pointer;" tabindex="-1"></a></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #050505; white-space-collapse: preserve;">ceremoniously ended their lives in a meaningless mess.'</span></span></p><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">I retorted, 'People might think I'm your male Asian servant!' One of them replied, 'Aren't you?'</span></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">The next evening, my two lady companions began recounting stories of Prague. 'It also rains in Prague, you know, especially in July,' one of them told me. The other turned to me and said, 'You were funny when you shared the story of how you discovered Kafka in the professor's area at your university... with an exhibition posted on the wall. Haha!'</span></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">I maintained my composure. She didn't know what it was like for me back then, walking through the faculty center and stumbling upon that Kafka exhibition posted on the wall. It was 1983, and I was living like a dog—dirt poor and always hungry.</span></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">I responded, 'Julia, I had no money to buy books at that time. I borrowed from the library. I practically lived there. People didn't even think I was majoring in music.'</span></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">'Enough!' she exclaimed. 'You're getting under my skin! Soon you'll experience Kundera.'</span></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">The play bored me. God, I struggled with the German lines. Anezka, the other girl, complained about the translation from Czech. She claimed to know the lines by heart. Julia smacked me on the head when I kept complaining that the play was torture.</span></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">Then the other said, 'Let's have dinner and pay this guy with beer.'</span></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">'There's no San Mig in Niederdorf!' The girls followed up with an insult. 'Surely it tastes like urine!' I never took their ironic remarks seriously, but they always sought my company. Once I asked them, 'Are you two lovers? Or does one of you have a crush on me?' No answer, just a dirty finger.</span></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">Finally, dinner and Kundera—I had so many questions, so much to learn. I couldn't believe I was sitting at a table with possibly two of the finest scholars of Central European literature. I still get goosebumps when I recall that evening. But honestly, I didn't understand a thing.</span></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">At our next meeting, they gave me a book, accompanied by another warning. 'Psst... das schwerste Gewicht... Hey Filipino, that's heavy,' with a wink. Damn it, it was a Kundera book, not in English translation but in German. Who needs this garbage?</span></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">Without their knowledge, I visited the Central Library and searched for an English translation. The first sentence captivated me—'This curse of constant repetition, like Nietzsche resurrecting.' Then I pondered, 'Was I ever content? Will the memories of many past summers remain joyful? What about getting drunk during Basel carnival? Or swimming in Lake Zurich, stealing glances at naked people? Will my life return to struggle or to this never-ending cycle of searching without finding, this void? Writing and hiding. Will I ever forget the taste of bibingka? Or will the beer ever run dry? Will the bomba films in Quiapo cinemas reappear in their full 1970s glory, with the audience shouting 'Harang'?'</span></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">I flew back to Manila and never left again. Anezka married another classmate, Italian Giuseppe. The last time I spoke to them was a decade ago. They didn't believe I was performing again. Julia is now a professor of German literature, divorced, and a single mother to a daughter who competes on her country's national skiing team. And me? Well, I have these Kundera books on my shelf. If I were to have dinner with these ladies again, I would probably declare, 'I despise recurrence and the thousand repetitions.</span></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">Requiescat in pace Milan...</span></div><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;"> <b>POSCRIPT</b></span></div><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLMhLvVknGM7U1osyYKJ6_bgfk5wA4xG1OmGf1FXY1VOzCTVwO3onI-MIrJUjpWti7bNICB4MKa3Br0L0HX6mAIZ4HH7iDc5rIkBP1VwfDTiBJq4bKUT880WXttb_5vWelClQ5szUTq0vzsc_e513WirsTt3nwhfxJJTRm9gmpI3o4yLMMSuW9jCeLNit6/s751/kundere.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="353" data-original-width="751" height="301" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLMhLvVknGM7U1osyYKJ6_bgfk5wA4xG1OmGf1FXY1VOzCTVwO3onI-MIrJUjpWti7bNICB4MKa3Br0L0HX6mAIZ4HH7iDc5rIkBP1VwfDTiBJq4bKUT880WXttb_5vWelClQ5szUTq0vzsc_e513WirsTt3nwhfxJJTRm9gmpI3o4yLMMSuW9jCeLNit6/w640-h301/kundere.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div dir="auto" style="color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; text-align: start; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><i>"The idea of eternal return is a mysterious one, and Nietzsche has often perplexed other philosophers with it: to think that everything recurs as we once experienced it, and that the recurrence itself recurs ad infinitum! What does this mad myth signify? Putting it negatively, the myth of eternal return states that a life which disappears once and for all, which does not return, is like a shadow, without weight, dead in advance, and whether it was horrible, beautiful, or <span style="font-family: inherit;"><a style="color: #385898; cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit;" tabindex="-1"></a></span>sublime, its horror, sublimity, and beauty mean nothing. .." ~ The Unbearable Lightness of Being</i></div></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div dir="auto"><br /></div></div>Francis Yumulhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10123922763636960380noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7270113491666005685.post-58551548806871345552023-06-27T15:51:00.001-07:002024-01-11T01:57:32.755-08:00Commentaries on the History of the Founding Of Pasig<br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuEmhuqV0STnNIoNHlML5cnvN5bNsGRdVw21zcIBWBRmIQRGHVv9POnjv5NxUtyQNi2rRzI1QXYP5IfsC9pm-psJtINGNxBrDIHmHaThPsuSE9NoRt4_yS10y_7ezrGz9Fq-oV3eDAkogMpP-uSU4PBZFvbdQlZMyHk8-zfI2BbtyfLxBIY72fDuyKu1LZ/s1091/DG.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="722" data-original-width="1091" height="424" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuEmhuqV0STnNIoNHlML5cnvN5bNsGRdVw21zcIBWBRmIQRGHVv9POnjv5NxUtyQNi2rRzI1QXYP5IfsC9pm-psJtINGNxBrDIHmHaThPsuSE9NoRt4_yS10y_7ezrGz9Fq-oV3eDAkogMpP-uSU4PBZFvbdQlZMyHk8-zfI2BbtyfLxBIY72fDuyKu1LZ/w640-h424/DG.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: start;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><i><span style="white-space-collapse: preserve;">An official report dated 30 April 1575 of the 2nd Capitulo or provincial chapter held by the Augustinians (The first --May 3, 1572) From Archivo de los Padres Agustinos de Filipinas (APAF) in Valladolid. This was the first time "conventus de Passin" (the convent of Pasig) was mentioned. </span>The signatures belonged to Fray Martin de Rada, Francisco Ortega, Alonso de Alvarado, Diego Mujeca, "definitores" of the province. Assigned as Prior of the convetn was Fray Juan de Alba and assisted by Juan de Penalosa. The patron was the <span style="text-align: center;">Virgin of the Visitation.</span>(Courtesy of Prof. Danilo Gerona)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><p><br /></p><p> <span style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><b>FRAY MARTIN DE RADA</b></span></p><div class="xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs x126k92a" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;">I embarked on my own 'studium' to delve into an issue that has been a matter of dispute in Pasig for some time—the date of its foundation. I scoured the available materials in my personal library for information. In my research, I stumbled upon a book I acquired in the late 1980s. While I may have perused it or even read certain chapters, the specifics had faded from my memory. All I could recall before revisiting parts of it was that it concerned Martin de Rada, one of the <span style="font-family: inherit;"><a style="color: #385898; cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit;" tabindex="-1"></a></span>early pillars of the Augustinian order in their mission to evangelize the Philippines.</div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;">The book was authored by Father Pedro G. Galende, who had summoned me on a few occasions to perform in Augustinian events at the San Agustin Church. On a couple of those instances, I had contemplated inquiring about his authored work, perhaps even requesting a signed copy, but the priest always appeared to be in a rush.</div><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiNR8NTZwOawzV_AZWR2R8TBWIWU1RwkbmqQRH55JT_PjNmnGgS4zLfv0Lv2pcNpAbxJvnZx1tHwSWOdc_rRnaGsgUtTBDu-SoaYjdz1HJFx768lTt9piG1N-utG16ekMKxagqpCI3o6PZMNl7PirnDJY7Nvg25RC4GC7Xy1Ct40cSmlKxykUj89kcy5Sn/s640/apo.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="640" data-original-width="469" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiNR8NTZwOawzV_AZWR2R8TBWIWU1RwkbmqQRH55JT_PjNmnGgS4zLfv0Lv2pcNpAbxJvnZx1tHwSWOdc_rRnaGsgUtTBDu-SoaYjdz1HJFx768lTt9piG1N-utG16ekMKxagqpCI3o6PZMNl7PirnDJY7Nvg25RC4GC7Xy1Ct40cSmlKxykUj89kcy5Sn/w470-h640/apo.jpg" width="470" /></a></div><br /><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">'Apologia Pro Filipino' can be seen as a quasi-biography of Padre Martin de Rada, with a pronounced focus on his missionary endeavors that were characterized by his pro-native stance—a stance reminiscent of Bartolome de las Casas. One noteworthy aspect is Galende's extensive reliance on Gaspar de San Agustin's 'Conquista de las Islas Filipinas' (Published 1698), as a primary reference.</span></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">Curiously, a date intertwined with the founding of Pasig, which has gained attention from certain quarters, is May 3, 1572-- A document from <i style="color: black; text-align: center; white-space-collapse: collapse;"><span style="white-space-collapse: preserve;">Archivo de los Padres Agustinos de Filipinas (APAF) in Valladolid, reports </span></i>the first " Capitulo" of the same date and mentions Pasig and the existence of the "convento" . With<span style="color: black; text-align: center; white-space-collapse: collapse;"> signatures belonging to Fray Martin de Rada, Francisco Ortega, Alonso de Alvarado, Diego Mujeca, "definitores" of the province. Assigned as Prior of the convent was Fray Juan de Alba and assisted by Juan de Penalosa. Naming the first patron, the Virgin of the Visitation.</span> </span></div><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">Coincidentally, this date also marks the occasion when Martin de Rada was elected as the 'Provincial of the Province of the Most Holy Name of Jesus in the Philippine Islands'—a regional leader within the Augustinian order. The appointment of Martin de Rada was accompanied by a pronouncement:</span></div></div><p><span style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: arial; white-space-collapse: preserve;"></span></p><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div dir="auto"><i><span style="font-family: arial;">'In Nomine Domini nostri Iesus Christi Amen. Anno Domini orbem redemptum, millesimo quingentesimo septuagesimo secundo, tertia die maii, celebratum fuit Capitulum Provinciale huius Provinciae Ordinis Heremitarium S.P.N. Agustini Sacratissimi Nominis Iesus in Conventu nostro Manila, et in eo fuit canonice electus in Provincialis eiusdem Provinciae Admodum Reverendus Pater Martinus de Herrada (de Rada)."</span></i></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div dir="auto"><p><br /></p></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-size: 15px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCOihkM1rCsRS1h5ervvQMRkFi-K7WCC3H1NIBNv1WgHF8swImeSg1kDYCsfo6j85DWBW7TbMZJbX4HVyoFy_ivf9KDM4dv778UN1t39lnOYiUibsg6v32QovrK-LUfgmWxbrDHwNYFuVdbbVvWiXMySBA2fmjWIBpxWAY90tAanfmrEtFO6tV5s43WZJ1/s665/pinagbuconq%20(2).png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="665" data-original-width="426" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCOihkM1rCsRS1h5ervvQMRkFi-K7WCC3H1NIBNv1WgHF8swImeSg1kDYCsfo6j85DWBW7TbMZJbX4HVyoFy_ivf9KDM4dv778UN1t39lnOYiUibsg6v32QovrK-LUfgmWxbrDHwNYFuVdbbVvWiXMySBA2fmjWIBpxWAY90tAanfmrEtFO6tV5s43WZJ1/w410-h640/pinagbuconq%20(2).png" width="410" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: left;"><i><span style="color: #050505;"><span style="font-size: 15px; white-space-collapse: preserve;">A chapter of Gaspar de San Agustin's 'Conquista de las Islas Filipinas'--Naming the twelve original "visistas" of Pasig </span></span></i></span></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><br /></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><br /></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><div dir="auto"><b><span style="font-family: arial;">THE WATER THAT LEADS TO THE CONVENT</span></b></div><div dir="auto"><b><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></b></div><div dir="auto"><div class="xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs x126k92a" style="margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">In the lower section of the bell tower of the Pasig Church, one discovers a historical marker that commemorates the first missionary of Pasig—Fray Alonso de Alvarado. The marker also highlights that the friar was a participant in the Villalobos expedition to the Moluccas. Upon perusing the account of this expedition, with its trials and hardships endured by the Spanish, striving to establish a robust presence in the renowned Spice Islands, one might perceive Alonso de <span><a style="color: #385898; cursor: pointer;" tabindex="-1"></a></span>Alvarado as a fortuitous friar. This contrast could lead one to contemplate that the challenges encountered in "Las Islas Filipinas" were comparably less arduous than the toils experienced in the Southern Seas and the Moluccas.</span></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">The appellation of Alonso de Alvarado often emerges in Augustinian chronicles, such as Gaspar de San Agustin's "Conquistas de las Islas Filipinas," where he is depicted as leading the Christian mission in areas like Cainta and Taytay. Nearly four decades after his endeavors in the Moluccas, he found himself once again grappling with an element of Islamic faith, this time contending with the indigenous populations of both Taytay and Cainta. The year 1571 seemed to echo the challenges of the 1540s. Ultimately, the Spanish conquistadors established their presence in Pasig, founding both a township and a convent.</span></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">In a historical account penned by Fray Juan de Medina, within his work "Historia de Los Sucesos de la Orden de San Agustin," a certain type of potable water found within the Pasig convent is mentioned. This passage may even unveil the precise location of the convent itself. This water source was noted to be clear and drinkable—Malinaw daw o Malinao? Could this have been the legendary subterranean river, intertwined with mystique, leading to the beaterio adjoining the convent?</span></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">The significance of Fray Juan de Medina's contribution lies in its chronological precedence over San Agustin's "Conquistas," thereby substantiating the existence of potential sources regarding the foundation history of Pasig beyond the renowned and frequently cited 'Conquistas.'</span></div><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></div><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></div></div></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEieLIoaIOhgbkzZvTsR16GPyM9YlBKeFksgODFotNMxy6Rr05HhxkhyDFU2-bj-GMa3OQDdLJAgrfDAyq1zYO6djknlSFkOXvA7-lRUFq7Ja17nj0mYfej8axZmQ_LpFJqgcuA9NKA3QpCmGaC4b9teOUCBYrZ8JLepKhYD2QZNYIzfbLDbmSB4v4yuHrTS/s945/medina.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="945" data-original-width="636" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEieLIoaIOhgbkzZvTsR16GPyM9YlBKeFksgODFotNMxy6Rr05HhxkhyDFU2-bj-GMa3OQDdLJAgrfDAyq1zYO6djknlSFkOXvA7-lRUFq7Ja17nj0mYfej8axZmQ_LpFJqgcuA9NKA3QpCmGaC4b9teOUCBYrZ8JLepKhYD2QZNYIzfbLDbmSB4v4yuHrTS/w430-h640/medina.jpg" width="430" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: start;"><span style="color: #050505;"><i><span style="font-size: 15px; white-space-collapse: preserve;"> From Fray Juan de Medina's "Historia de Los Sucesos de la Orden de San Agustin (1630)". The highlighted portion translates: "It is called Pasig River from the chief village. But in order to drink of the good water , one must ascend to the very convent of Pasig where the water is found clear." Definitely its speak about "Malinao" , an old barangay where the convento and the church of Pasig now stand,</span></i></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table><span face="Segoe UI Historic, Segoe UI, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><br /></span><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></div><div dir="auto"><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><div dir="auto"><b><span style="font-family: arial;">AUGUSTINIAN TOWN</span></b></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">Walking one afternoon around Plaza Rizal in Pasig, adjacent to the church it occurred to me the immenseness of the church tower. Immense not in the sense of its heights or structure but of the shadow it imposed for centuries in the historical communities of Pasig. What heroic, or even sordid stories it held? What panoramic views it had all through the years? -- One moving picture in my mind is that of the squire and the <span><a style="color: #385898; cursor: pointer;" tabindex="-1"></a></span>watchman of Simon de Anda in that turbulent years of the 100 Years War, when Manila as a consequence of the complicated relations of states in Europe was occupied by the British-- Once I also pictured Colonel Manuel Sityar of the colonial civil guards observing the attack of Pasiguenos in the church tower on that Saturday, the last days of August 1896. We can picture more actually.</span></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">One must admit that Pasig before is not Pasig of the present --Where is now the fabled Padre Felix Trillo Bridge with the familiar stone shade we can only behold now in illustrations and paintings of European travelers.? Where are the houses adorned with thousands of lights every evening of the town fiesta? Where is the much heralded waterway that traverse through the heart of Pasig and connects her not only to Manila and neighboring towns, communities but practically the outside world?-- This waterway which is now known in many names the last is that of the innards of a chicken.</span></div><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="font-family: inherit; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaHCSLomaLHccUDFEly60jtxak9dNzDMedjmxvAkfL0hb467C3frc7HqSJSA_XtuAmj1rXjxrCR_4Lt2hf49LdyAm32SN49qBsAwxJ5yxqM3nO1bZIuPtopE1pvHt2hYZlsh4vmRN-KUQKKKWvGLI5JSOD4YZfDUw4RTlR-zNZmGbObiFeCQ3FTXTVPbrE/s919/beat%20(2).jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="919" data-original-width="849" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaHCSLomaLHccUDFEly60jtxak9dNzDMedjmxvAkfL0hb467C3frc7HqSJSA_XtuAmj1rXjxrCR_4Lt2hf49LdyAm32SN49qBsAwxJ5yxqM3nO1bZIuPtopE1pvHt2hYZlsh4vmRN-KUQKKKWvGLI5JSOD4YZfDUw4RTlR-zNZmGbObiFeCQ3FTXTVPbrE/w370-h400/beat%20(2).jpg" width="370" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #050505; font-size: 15px; text-align: start; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><i> From Sinibaldo de Mas "Informe sobre el estado de las islas Filipinas" (1842)</i></span></td></tr></tbody></table><i style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></i><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">Connected in the church itself is the fabled "convento" (kumbento), with its thousand tales ( even more ) from those who had once been there-- Priests, missionaries, altar boys, hermana mayores, cosineros, hardineros, etc. The stories in which Rizal's Noli and Fili would find real affiliation.</span></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">Where is the mystified under water river, where tales of a dark tunnel made many "Marites" of the past salivate in the juicy stories of priests walking in that subterranean pathway from the convento going to the other end that leads to the Beaterio where nuns had lived?</span></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">I blamed myself for reading Umberto Eco -- Now that I kept on imagining a Gothic Pasig. But no, not really, Pasig was founded in the 1570s (strikingly "ungothic"). And it came to being through the labors of the Augustinians. </span></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">In 1842 a bored Spanish traveler said to be in the service of the crown, sent to las Islas Filipinas to investigate the situation of the colony, wandered around Pasig -- One thing he mentioned in his report was the Beateario founded by the Augustinian. Perhaps ever asking what secrets it held, what comparison it holds to those poor souls appointed as vestal virgins in Ancient Rome.</span></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">Sinibaldo de Mas (1809-1866) was the Spanish traveler and the entries he wrote about the "Beaterio de Pasig" is found in his opus "Informe sobre el estado de las islas Filipinas,"</span></div><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div dir="auto"><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><div dir="auto"><b><span style="font-family: arial;">PASIG 1572 - TRES DE MAYO - DOS DE JULIO?</span></b></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">The evangelization of Luzon was not really a story of acceptance and submission , if it lacks narratives of organized resistance or protest on the side the natives, the controversy and the bitter stories would come from the missionary fathers themselves who after years of evangelical works would then protest the exploitation and abused of the natives by the "economenderos". Fray Martin <span><a style="color: #385898; cursor: pointer;" tabindex="-1"></a></span>de Rada, appointed in 1572 as principal of the Augustinian order in the country would highlight his career in the newly conquered island by tirelessly fighting for the rights and welfare of the native population, even raising his concerns to the royal crown.</span></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">Fray Martin de Rada aimed to ensure that the natives were treated with compassion and fairness, guided by the true spirit of Christian brotherhood. In the Americas, the efforts of Bartolome de las Casas to champion the rights of the indigenous people against the abuses of the Iberians were widely remembered. However, in the context of Las Islas Filipinas, the story of Fray Martin de Rada remains largely untold, despite his significant contributions.</span></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">In the year 1572, the Augustinian order recognized and declared the establishment of numerous pueblos. These were communities where Augustinian missionaries labored for months and even years to bring converts into a 'reduccion,' establishing a comunidad cristiana under the guidance of faith. The church tower, with its elevated bell that signals the hour of the day and reminds of the Almighty's omnipotent power, played a physical, symbolic, and acoustic role in these communities—'Bajo la Campana'. In Pasig, Our Lady of Visitation was installed as the pueblo's first patron saint, with July 2 as the feast day.</span></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">Augustinian chronicles state that on May 3, 1572, not only was a convento established in Pasig, but also the pueblo itself. Some sectors in Pasig believe that this date should be considered the true foundation day of the city.</span></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">Meanwhile, no document exists to ascertain that Pasig was founded on July 2, 1572. The date was 'recommended' by the National Historical Commission of the Philippines (NHCP) as a 'symbolic reckoning of its founding' based on the first patron, Our Lady of Visitation.</span></div><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="font-family: inherit; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsoScX6p5JJJUOzbIVXZWX05Bzluuoy-piYlp6mmF_UVQ_Qya4N8ZQnBa2Ax04nWPxZp2Ck_asPDqLaolhB6fd7uIrvXW5eBJWcUdjt1Wwi_As5w3c_isAVSkPyHpv8AbzphftUdyUWTZvyqpO5g1cYrMaABhhS9G7agyBNjZCUByu21qbYKftD0FGovko/s720/visi.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="720" data-original-width="502" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsoScX6p5JJJUOzbIVXZWX05Bzluuoy-piYlp6mmF_UVQ_Qya4N8ZQnBa2Ax04nWPxZp2Ck_asPDqLaolhB6fd7uIrvXW5eBJWcUdjt1Wwi_As5w3c_isAVSkPyHpv8AbzphftUdyUWTZvyqpO5g1cYrMaABhhS9G7agyBNjZCUByu21qbYKftD0FGovko/w446-h640/visi.jpg" width="446" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"><i><span style="color: #050505;"><span style="font-size: 15px; white-space-collapse: preserve;">Pasig Day - 2nd July 1573. </span></span><span style="color: #050505; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; white-space-collapse: preserve;">The second day of July was the ancient feast day of the Virgin of the Visitation or the so-called Visitación de la Virgen María, which commemorates the visit of the Blessed Virgin Mary to her cousin Elizabeth (Mother of John the Baptist).</span><span style="color: #050505; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; white-space-collapse: preserve;">The Virgin of the Visitation was also the patron of the first Christian community in Pasig before it was changed and appointed Nuestra Señora de la </span></i><span style="font-size: 15px; text-align: center; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="color: #050505;"><i>Immaculat</i>a</span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></div></div></div></div></div></div><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; text-align: center;"><br /></div><span face="Segoe UI Historic, Segoe UI, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><br /></span><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></div></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br />Francis Yumulhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10123922763636960380noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7270113491666005685.post-32781194372772453442023-05-10T03:19:00.005-07:002023-08-10T03:34:21.797-07:00Tribute to Jose Rizal by German Gymnastics- January 1897<p> </p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhirz7SRNyRgpSVqfMbyBi85DYNqczanuH0BBoJG1sXuzJdz8ptICU_FG7HqHNQxtvT7GTpR9Pcz8wk42wwMcZypcByKbbsJeEumALn_p0BozXJsz9YPNEP6iLmNKEbhyMDS1P6LuFj5PqMPOOW3kABqeE1H4k-3H5Y6F3CANOjmymC7Me_XATPWU845IGS/s879/yes1.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="879" data-original-width="801" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhirz7SRNyRgpSVqfMbyBi85DYNqczanuH0BBoJG1sXuzJdz8ptICU_FG7HqHNQxtvT7GTpR9Pcz8wk42wwMcZypcByKbbsJeEumALn_p0BozXJsz9YPNEP6iLmNKEbhyMDS1P6LuFj5PqMPOOW3kABqeE1H4k-3H5Y6F3CANOjmymC7Me_XATPWU845IGS/w584-h640/yes1.jpg" width="584" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The tribute to Rizal of "Deutsche Turnblätter"</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><div class="xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs x126k92a" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;">In an article dated January 1897 of "Deutsche Turnblätter," a monthly publication devoted to the propagation of German Gymnastics (exercise and sports), there is a tribute to Doctor Jose Rizal. </div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;">The article writes:</div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;">"Der kurz vor Jahresschluss als Hauptanstiffter der Empörung auf den Philippinen von den Spanien standreclich erchossene Arzt Jose Rizal der bedeustende unter den Aufstandischen, war ein warmer Verehrer des deutschen Turnens . Wahrend seines Aufethaltes in Leipzig <span style="font-family: inherit;"><a style="color: #385898; cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit;" tabindex="-1"></a></span>turnte er im Allgeneinen Turnverein und machte sich unter seinen Riegengenossen durch Eifer und Liebenswurdigkeit schell beliebt." </div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;">Translated: </div><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></div><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;">"Doctor Jose Rizal, who was shot dead by the Spanish shortly before the end of the year as the main instigator of the rebellion in the Philippines, the most important of the insurgents, was a fervent admirer of German gymnastics. During his stay in Leipzig, he exercised at the general gymnastics club and quickly endeared himself to his comrades in the club through his enthusiasm and kindness."</div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></div><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;">There goes Pepe again, a true "fitness fanatic" or a 'gym buff.' (Hindi lang pampamilya! Pang Sports Pa!) However, the most revealing aspect of the article lies in the virtues attributed to him – "Eifer und Liebenswürdigkeit" (enthusiasm and kindness in English). These qualities were observed in him by many foreigners who had the opportunity to meet him. It's worth considering that even the fraternity of German gymnastics recognized these remarkable qualities in him.</div><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></div><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;"> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiadsVmLqHS8Do6nXyM0bOuIU3tEzowVe77QuDpPkk_o4MYSGEW13YwGk0lV5stOjstzku2Vcrm5rZt3Y-rL9XpSErycw-F2OLN8-UDoTlRYFWa-Pq6jh2J9_YTGaTWHJ0R3d6bKT52rCgxXwek30a_txKo3WJ7m5XTMqETft01fdO1q55oU98ThDVFS5M2/s2048/yes2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1436" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiadsVmLqHS8Do6nXyM0bOuIU3tEzowVe77QuDpPkk_o4MYSGEW13YwGk0lV5stOjstzku2Vcrm5rZt3Y-rL9XpSErycw-F2OLN8-UDoTlRYFWa-Pq6jh2J9_YTGaTWHJ0R3d6bKT52rCgxXwek30a_txKo3WJ7m5XTMqETft01fdO1q55oU98ThDVFS5M2/w448-h640/yes2.jpg" width="448" /></a></div><br /></div></div>Francis Yumulhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10123922763636960380noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7270113491666005685.post-13989889938864271702023-04-07T20:24:00.004-07:002023-08-09T20:31:16.105-07:00Dr. Reinhold Rost: The Other German<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdZMOg964LPUloS8OuI0HScU7l0kM67mdcymGWZuF4tKNEQ6uAvWWLhLCLiW7icFYL7X75M6mQwsnhhThgxVmTum3Hcnlp06E7eC1nIU2PE7PA3OtDJEGV3C-Ous3UqLGe9QMEZt0i89sQoChfeiKwVGzWmRgzRTdAQWXcvdE4vdvaEpgm2BLToIduhDqY/s468/ross.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="468" data-original-width="366" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdZMOg964LPUloS8OuI0HScU7l0kM67mdcymGWZuF4tKNEQ6uAvWWLhLCLiW7icFYL7X75M6mQwsnhhThgxVmTum3Hcnlp06E7eC1nIU2PE7PA3OtDJEGV3C-Ous3UqLGe9QMEZt0i89sQoChfeiKwVGzWmRgzRTdAQWXcvdE4vdvaEpgm2BLToIduhDqY/w501-h640/ross.jpg" width="501" /></a></div><br /> <p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: arial;">If Jose Rizal regarded Ferdinand Blumentritt as
"Bruder" (brother) and found in him a deep bond, then Reinhold Rost
undoubtedly assumes the role of Rizal's "Ersatzvater" (a surrogate
father). Though Rost spent most of his life in England and served as the head
librarian at the India Office Library in London, his origins trace back to
Germany. Like Jagor, Virchow, Meyer, Blumentritt, Schuchardt, and Schadenberg,
Rost belongs to the esteemed ranks of the German intelligentsia who had the
privilege of knowing Rizal. The only distinction lies in the language of their
communication - Rost corresponded with Rizal in English. T<span style="color: #343541; white-space-collapse: preserve;">hat's why Filipinos would never ever need translation to understand the deep admiration Rost had with Rizal . </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: arial;">One of Rost's letters to Rizal, dated April 26, 1895, reads:
"Your letter was received with jubilant rejoicing by the family. If we
could but do something towards bringing you back here to settle permanently
among us and be always with us, it would make all of us very happy."<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: arial;">In another letter, possibly his final one to Rizal, dated
August 9, 1895, Rost wrote: "The arrival of your letter was a high
festival to me. Jagor and I had only been speaking about you a few days ago (he
came here to attend the Geography Congress, though he is 80 years old), and
Blumentritt also spoke much about you in his last letter. I wish and pray that
heaven may grant me before I die the great blessing that I may behold your dear
face once more."<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: arial;">What unique charm did Jose Rizal possess that garnered the
affection and esteem of these luminaries of science and literature? There must
have been an exceptional quality about Pepe.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: arial;">Dr. Reinhold Rost, a German Orientalist, specialized in
Philology, Asian languages, and Sanskrit. Notably, he was a devoted family man
with seven children, a fact he often shared in his correspondence with Rizal.
One of his sons, Ernest Reinhold Rost, pursued a career in the Indian Medical
Service (IMS) and later became the director of Yangon General Hospital in
Rangoon (Yangon), Burma, in 1899. Following in his father's footsteps, Ernest
Reinhold Rost delved into Oriental Studies with a focus on Buddhism.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: arial;">It was Reinhold Rost who facilitated Jose Rizal's access to
the British Museum Library as a reader. This connection led Rizal to acquire
and annotate Morga's "Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas," which the
Spaniards later used as evidence against Rizal during his trial, alongside the
Noli and the Fili. The introduction between Rizal and Rost was made possible
through the recommendation of none other than Ferdinand Blumentritt.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: arial;">Perhaps it was during casual conversations or afternoon tea
at the Rost household that a genuine fondness developed between Rizal and the
Rost family. Interestingly, the place where Rizal rented a room in London was
situated not far from the Rost residence.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: arial;">Upon learning of Dr. Reinhold Rost's passing in 1896 from
Blumentritt, Jose Rizal responded with a poignant line in German: "If I
did not believe in the immortality of the soul, I would invent it in order to
entertain myself with the hope of seeing him again!"<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: arial;">Indeed, the story of the overlooked German, Dr. Reinhold
Rost."<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;">Top of Form<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span></o:p></p>Francis Yumulhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10123922763636960380noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7270113491666005685.post-83784495489962054082023-03-14T19:21:00.008-07:002023-08-10T16:23:36.598-07:00Pascual B. Racuyal: The Man Who Dreamed of Malacañang but Ended Up in a Psychiatric Ward<p> </p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgC4_t12xwith_ZFiEyLn78UQMHR5BzWk3fMt2DQ2hIOuUB2p6hX2I6aQKZxo14wJtxP7GNtDge9PwYtfbI8JJFdqw2T07FrfPElvo8cuetSXyWTT8qiGdAqLzJpoUHB9zEowPJJ_FPrbO00GuZ_6RSXouji03WHYXKFv5Kw4XJWvljzBY_gTh6ybWJNl1h/s390/Pascual_Racuyal_1949.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="390" data-original-width="251" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgC4_t12xwith_ZFiEyLn78UQMHR5BzWk3fMt2DQ2hIOuUB2p6hX2I6aQKZxo14wJtxP7GNtDge9PwYtfbI8JJFdqw2T07FrfPElvo8cuetSXyWTT8qiGdAqLzJpoUHB9zEowPJJ_FPrbO00GuZ_6RSXouji03WHYXKFv5Kw4XJWvljzBY_gTh6ybWJNl1h/w258-h400/Pascual_Racuyal_1949.jpg" width="258" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Pascual Racuyal (1911-2004)</b></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p><br /></p><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;"><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;">He challenged everyone of them from Quezon to Cory. He had the nerves or perhaps, as others are saying, he had an "unstable mind"..."baliw". In the 1981 Presidential election, he missed filling his certificate of candidacy but still a journalist hunted him to get his opinion about the election. And in that interview..He still delivered that "Racuyalesque" rhetoric. </div><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></div><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">In 1935, Racuyal signed his certificate of candidacy for President of the Republic in his blood. The Cebuano high school graduate also boasted of having his so-called "51 Platforms". He went around campaigning in the Cebu district on foot, </span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a style="color: #385898; cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit;" tabindex="-1"></a></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"> wearing only a pair of sandals made from old tires and declaring that he was the Abraham Lincoln of the Philippines.</span></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;">On January 20, 1937, Pascual Racuyal was committed to the National Mental Hospital. President Quezon wanted to let him stay there till 1941 to prevent him from taking part again in the election but events took a different turn when war came.</div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;">Racuyal went on to participate in every Presidential election after the war until the 1960s. In 1981 he missed filing his certificate of candidacy. (Bungal na siya noon). During the Snap Election of 1986, he was declared a nuisance candidate.</div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;">Racuyal in his many attempts for the presidency, promised these things if elected: He will run the country via remote control. He will build movable plastic roads to ease traffic. He will accept no more than 1000 pesos a month as salary. He will introduce a new monetary system and issue bills that are fireproof. He also promised to give jobs to the unemployed, investigate friar lands, pass a law imposing a 100-year sentence to corrupt government officials. He also would sell the presidential yacht (the Casiana) once elected. Incredibly some of these campaign promises were taken as laughable at that time but much of what he said turns out to be a reality right now.</div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;">Above all, Racuyal challenged Quezon and other candidates to a debate and he declared that if he wins the presidency he will start his government's investigation on Vice President Osmena by asking him 1000 simple questions -- What those questions were, we would probably never know. </div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;">From all these accounts one might not help but compare the kind of politicians we have right now, those shunning presidential debates--They are not even in the league of a Racuyal?</div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;">Pascual Racuyal passed into obscurity, but now and then comes back to haunt us with memories of his antics or his wisdom when presidential election comes. Lest we forget, he was that man who once dreamed of occupying Malacañang but ended up in a psychiatric ward.</div><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></div><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;"><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;">Perhaps Pascual Racuyal lived in another world, he saw the future, he saw our time? </div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="background-color: white; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;"><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><div dir="auto" style="color: #050505; font-family: inherit;">Vive le Racuyalesque! </div><div dir="auto" style="color: #050505; font-family: inherit;"><br /></div><div dir="auto" style="color: #050505; font-family: inherit;"><br /></div><div dir="auto" style="color: #050505; font-family: inherit;"><br /></div><div dir="auto" style="color: #050505; font-family: inherit;"><br /></div><div dir="auto" style="color: #050505; font-family: inherit;"><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOF38F87pb1Gnenezy8TLgohgG9F-4Yecy3aIu06ayb3Tpa0vgs7QcrDqz1LtZBDcUx1bPCGy5ene4_0x3CLBMlOfvSzmk2Y1UsHGVou4K3evNnW0jJLsT6nn_NZZnLbZ1Qhfxo1L9Mf_JIjIKhCnt1bXeN8K4WCoOPqiAPqfVcYvG9eg_geBDO8YgOMnd/s900/racu.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="582" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOF38F87pb1Gnenezy8TLgohgG9F-4Yecy3aIu06ayb3Tpa0vgs7QcrDqz1LtZBDcUx1bPCGy5ene4_0x3CLBMlOfvSzmk2Y1UsHGVou4K3evNnW0jJLsT6nn_NZZnLbZ1Qhfxo1L9Mf_JIjIKhCnt1bXeN8K4WCoOPqiAPqfVcYvG9eg_geBDO8YgOMnd/s16000/racu.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>From The Tribune- March 2, 1938</i></b></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></div></div></div></div>Francis Yumulhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10123922763636960380noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7270113491666005685.post-20538018813593410352023-02-17T16:50:00.008-08:002023-10-14T15:49:02.189-07:00Guillermo Masangkay (1867-1963) "ALAKDAN"<p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiy-9RJUqsEWPc5pX389PIao4Nkd8fgm15XfMWzVtgFD5XOkOOLDTnR7cABG_m-Dryk21O7P2t2ViWsTpw9v9J91h-hBYIJzjV5Cs-YmSvot5-AJdaaN8HbqnIGBhktXC1ht_sL5zWDdPyIFMVjQ4gUAyrzm7zLbWqJ04pZjumjnBJXzPWwpSv086FdgKe6/s393/massy.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="393" data-original-width="275" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiy-9RJUqsEWPc5pX389PIao4Nkd8fgm15XfMWzVtgFD5XOkOOLDTnR7cABG_m-Dryk21O7P2t2ViWsTpw9v9J91h-hBYIJzjV5Cs-YmSvot5-AJdaaN8HbqnIGBhktXC1ht_sL5zWDdPyIFMVjQ4gUAyrzm7zLbWqJ04pZjumjnBJXzPWwpSv086FdgKe6/s16000/massy.jpg" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: #050505; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></span><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #050505; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div class="xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs x126k92a" style="font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;"><b><span style="font-size: medium;">Alakdan</span></b></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;">In 1935, a group of Manila newspapers undertook a project to find out who was still alive among the original founders and members of the Katipunan Methodically, the said veterans, "Sons of the People" were searched in Manila and the suburbs. Through meticulous research and inquiry, no more than thirty were successfully identified and located. One of those approached to give his opinion to the initiative was none other than Guillermo Masangkay, one of the early <span style="font-family: inherit;"><a style="color: #385898; cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit;" tabindex="-1"></a></span>members of the Katipunan</div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;">Guillermo Masangkay found it hard to accept that only 25 of the original founders of Katipunan surfaced. He promptly voiced his disbelief, stating, "It can't be possible that there are 25 original founders of Katipunan who are still alive today as as published in certain section of the Manila press. There are hundreds of the original thousands are living in obscurity who tore up their cedulas in Kangkong where the first cry of rebellion was made. and they are not heard from because as true Katipuneros they not prone to talking about their past glorious I repeat, there are hundreds of them still living around San Juan del Monte, Mandaluyong, and Manila.</div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;">Guillermo Masangkay was born on June 25, 1867, in Tondo, Manila, to Domingo Masangkay and Victoria Rafael. He served as a trusted confidante and advisor to the Supremo, and actively participated in numerous significant historical events of the Katipunan. Following the passing of the Supremo, the conclusion of the revolution, and the onset of the American colonial era, Masangkay maintained a strong bond with the relatives and friends of the Supremo. He took it upon himself to ensure that the memory of the Supremo was upheld with great reverence.--His nom de guerre was "Alakdan."</div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>The Boni Monument</b></span></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;">It was Guillermo Masangkay who initiated an effort to construct a monument in honor of the Supremo. This endeavor garnered the support of the then Speaker of the House, Sergio Osmeña <span style="font-family: inherit;">Sr. and Secretary of Interior Teodoro Kalaw. </span><span style="font-family: inherit;">Remarkably, as early as 1916, Masangkay approached Osmena with the concept, urging for allocation of funds for the Bonifacio monument. </span>Osmeña<span style="font-family: inherit;"> swiftly embraced the idea and advised Masangkay to also confer with the then Secretary Kalaw, who promptly granted approval.</span></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;">Kalaw proceeded to conduct a comprehensive assessment of the proposal and prepared the requisite documentation in collaboration with the legislature Subsequently, the project was presented to the legislature, where Osmeña <span style="font-family: inherit;">ensured its passage. Thus, on February 23, 1918, the bill to establish a Bonifacio Monument, backed by initial funding of 25,000 pesos, as sanctioned by the Secretary of Interior, was successfully enacted into law. Yet the 25,000 peso funds was deemed insufficient that including some public donation it reached 42.000 pesos. The project was mothballed for almost a decade. </span></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;">On September 30, 1929, a contest was announced to design a monument in honor of the great plebeian. The first prize was bestowed upon Guillermo Tolentino, while Juan Nakpil secured the second position. The panel of judges included Andres Luna de San Pedro, Tomas Mapua, and Vicente Francisco. Nonetheless, progress on the project seemed to stall, and despite the announcement of winners, little headway was made. It was at this juncture, a decade following the project's inception, that then Senate President Manuel L. Quezon intervened to augment the available funds.</div><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;">On November 30, 1929, which marked Bonifacio Day, the Senate granted approval for a bill allocating an additional 97,000 pesos towards the construction of the Bonifacio monument. Consequently, the overall funds allocated for the monument reached approximately 130,000 pesos. It was on this very same day, November 30, 1929, that Mrs. Aurora Quezon, the wife of then Senate President Manuel Quezon, laid the symbolic cornerstone for the monument in Caloocan.</div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;">A controversy arose during the planning stages for the inauguration of the monument in September 1933. The omission of Sergio Osmeña<span style="font-family: inherit;"> as one of the guest speakers sparked vehement protest from Guillermo Masangkay. It was only when he threatened to resign from the committee that </span>Osmeña<span style="font-family: inherit;">'s name was added to the list of speakers.</span></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px;">In his address during the inauguration of the National Monument for Andres Bonifacio, November 30 1933, Osmeña <span style="font-family: inherit;">commended Guillermo Masangkay for his pivotal role in realizing the monument for the Supremo, stating: "In all of these popular manifestations as well as in the construction of the monument which has now been unveiled, public recognition should be made of the important role which had been played by the modest worker, the faithful follower of Bonifacio, Mr. Guillermo Masangkay " .</span></div><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div><div dir="auto"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>Leaders of Integrity</b></span></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;">In 1935, when questioned about his stance on the Commonwealth's proposal to provide pensions to the Katipuneros, Masangkay responded that he would decline the pension offered by the government. He, along with certain former Katipuneros, proclaimed that it was already enough that they fulfilled their duty to the people. He expressed, "All I desire is for us to have a government characterized by honesty and tranquility, led by leaders of integrity."</div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;">Masangkay passed away in 1963. It can be said that his life after the revolution was primarily dedicated to preserving the memory of Andres Bonifacio's cause. He similarly remained vigilant against those who sought to denigrate the Supremo. Their actions and words were often met with his resolute opposition.</div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;">He lived up to his nom de guerre , Alakdan (Scorpion)</div></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></span><p></p><p><br /></p><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div dir="auto"><br /><br /></div></div></div>Francis Yumulhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10123922763636960380noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7270113491666005685.post-40928645588051876402023-01-11T16:42:00.019-08:002023-08-16T22:02:16.791-07:00Katipunan in Mindanao - Restituto Javier - "MAPANGAHAS" (1873- 1936)<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivEQklVJ60PWHAfFE_zRrvF4g1gdw48TxRYnIpjdj4xWItzSJ-YPwZ2Ypp46Ll_DL5cHI0FRMuZBXGl9Y5KNkHjJEggFhL-QVHy80N0EQVqqwxgdb-_q7f2H_48ZEC5AL1JweZsvHvMVgUJp8L14wsNdqoGs7IwrXSy4pgu7HtuZWqZ7Y_FYSY5xNQAoVb/s416/Javier.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="416" data-original-width="333" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivEQklVJ60PWHAfFE_zRrvF4g1gdw48TxRYnIpjdj4xWItzSJ-YPwZ2Ypp46Ll_DL5cHI0FRMuZBXGl9Y5KNkHjJEggFhL-QVHy80N0EQVqqwxgdb-_q7f2H_48ZEC5AL1JweZsvHvMVgUJp8L14wsNdqoGs7IwrXSy4pgu7HtuZWqZ7Y_FYSY5xNQAoVb/w512-h640/Javier.jpg" width="512" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">Restituto Javier shared a kinship with Supremo Andres Bonifacio, both hailing from Tondo, Manila. A close comrade and confidant of the Supremo, their bond predates the inception of the Katipunan. Much like Bonifacio, Javier was employed at the German firm Fressel & Company, where Bonifacio assumed the role of bodeguero, overseeing the warehouse. However, Javier held the position of an agent (personero) for the company. These circumstances likely paved the way for his early <a style="color: #385898; cursor: pointer;" tabindex="-1"></a>involvement in the ranks of the Katipunan. He adopted the nom de guerre "Mapangahas"."</span></div><div dir="auto"><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">In the wake of Katipunan's attack of Pinaglabanan in 1896, Javier was arrested and s<span>entenced to life imprisonment on charges of sedition and rebellion, he found himself exiled to the distant Penón de la Gomera, Africa—a Spanish military outpost which also served as detention facility for political prisoners and rebels. On this rocky island, Javier toiled alongside fellow inmates, comprising Cuban and Filipino prisoners, as well as anarchists from Spain. Among his companions were Isabelo de los Reyes and the late Pascual Poblete. An unexpected turn came during a hostage swap between </span><span><a style="color: #385898; cursor: pointer;" tabindex="-1"></a></span><span>the Spanish captors and the revolutionary factions, resulting in Javier's liberation. This event transpired in 1899, marking two years since his banishment.</span></span></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">From Africa, he embarked directly for Spain, where he befriended notable figures including Dr. Miguel Morayta, Alejandro Lerroux, Vicente Blasco Ybañez and Emilio Junoy. These political figures, all republican members of the Spanish Cor<span>tes, provided invaluable assistance in sustaining him and his fellow exiles. Returning to the Philippines on August 19, 1899, Javier promptly joined the revolutionary forces </span><span>of General Pantaleon Garcia </span><span>in Tarlac, where he was given the command of a contingent of 300 men-- "fusileros".</span></span></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span>After the Philippine-American War, </span> Javier resettled in Manila. A few years later, he moved to Tabacco Albay, where he lived until his death in 1936.</span></div></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">A glimpse into the new Katipunan documents found within Jim Richardson's publication reveals that Restituto Javier, or "Mapangahas," was entrusted with a distinct mission: the establishment of Katipunan in Mindanao. According to a document dated September 2, 1896, which Javier signed with his own blood, his role was defined as follows:</span></div><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">"Naatasan na, sa lupang – Mindanao, siyang maging pinakatawan nitong Mataas na Katipunan at pinahihintulutang mag hasik ng binhing pinakakalat, kung sakaling wala pa, at kung mayroon ay mag tatag naman ng katipunang magiging banga ng balang maani at siya ang sangayon ay Pangulo doon."</span></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">~"He has been designated to represent the noble Katipunan in the realm of Mindanao, tasked with disseminating its principles. Whether these principles have yet to find root or already exist, his duty is to forge a katipunan that shall stand as the vessel for the forthcoming harvest, with himself as its head"</span></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;">Regrettably, due to the inexorable dictates of time and fate, the fervent alliance envisaged between the Katipunan and the people of Mindanao did not fully materialize. Historical records and narratives of the Katipunan lack tangible evidence substantiating whether Restituto Javier reached and fulfilled the Katipunan's mandate in Mindanao. Nonetheless, the aspirations of the sons of the motherland (Anak ng Bayan) remained unequivocal—a collective aspiration to unify and fortify the archipelago into one, propelled by the shared yearning for freedom and a distinctly Filipino identity.</span></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></div><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px;"><br /></div><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px;"> <b> POSCRIPT</b></div><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnWwqpIYYYGMZBDBcoehmRwFHCAHYAPu_nzJ0ScfM5qM9ARJvsV1KE2JnV-XCI1eISHqyA4WXEcRwn6baoma2ZQWhR6g7kqnXaRYa1C2teDWODhHEWSYyW3Mle_2yLZGEz-emZNtcaclYyyQusmGk1ekoMq4UtYnJQjrvmfppoRitbMU2vaAw7vx-r2Ucl/s616/resti%20(2).jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="392" data-original-width="616" height="408" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnWwqpIYYYGMZBDBcoehmRwFHCAHYAPu_nzJ0ScfM5qM9ARJvsV1KE2JnV-XCI1eISHqyA4WXEcRwn6baoma2ZQWhR6g7kqnXaRYa1C2teDWODhHEWSYyW3Mle_2yLZGEz-emZNtcaclYyyQusmGk1ekoMq4UtYnJQjrvmfppoRitbMU2vaAw7vx-r2Ucl/w640-h408/resti%20(2).jpg" width="640" /></a></div><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px;"><br /></span><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px;"><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiLbd0hkr1gmt4oJFpecUXdkCQLNeXP3AiMJ4_kFMXPrVd00_rUYpGPP-JuHCZPKg1w0Uo0ZFZ_yd8ZyAmm3KbhIE6TRn86l0fhf41hwqiLVpSrUsVJC_uahJgKbcI14Cn3EM-79Vc5dMYR4iu4y4UKfK_hFe8PYDTDMC1B6kxEKwCLPu4SVtx0Fa0PSwS/s586/resti%20(3).jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="407" data-original-width="586" height="444" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiLbd0hkr1gmt4oJFpecUXdkCQLNeXP3AiMJ4_kFMXPrVd00_rUYpGPP-JuHCZPKg1w0Uo0ZFZ_yd8ZyAmm3KbhIE6TRn86l0fhf41hwqiLVpSrUsVJC_uahJgKbcI14Cn3EM-79Vc5dMYR4iu4y4UKfK_hFe8PYDTDMC1B6kxEKwCLPu4SVtx0Fa0PSwS/w640-h444/resti%20(3).jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #050505; font-size: 15px; text-align: left; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><i>Katipunan documents -- September 2, 1896. Defining the mission of Restituto Javier in Mindanao</i></span></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px;"><br /></span><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px;"><br /></div></div></div><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px;"></div></div>Francis Yumulhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10123922763636960380noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7270113491666005685.post-9541195091765277442022-12-19T16:34:00.001-08:002023-08-09T17:39:04.749-07:00Jose Rizal's Christmas Letter to Blumentritt - 24th December 1886<p> </p> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguJUJ9HbvcsgDvNi7kBvVP8xm1xkhgkkBrwzYWBqfAb-vsg-0tg5dIIfXxfPjlY9YxUGEas4cIa5dj-lKkdSklkcCNv89D_63xG_rO2mvi2giWdi-22Cda7Yo2tMb65774Vz6vqyI9N8Cf0pcEExJ7omydvTZftJhy5inv5ImteJMZFIE_6OBXUa3whmJR/s552/paski.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="503" data-original-width="552" height="584" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguJUJ9HbvcsgDvNi7kBvVP8xm1xkhgkkBrwzYWBqfAb-vsg-0tg5dIIfXxfPjlY9YxUGEas4cIa5dj-lKkdSklkcCNv89D_63xG_rO2mvi2giWdi-22Cda7Yo2tMb65774Vz6vqyI9N8Cf0pcEExJ7omydvTZftJhy5inv5ImteJMZFIE_6OBXUa3whmJR/w640-h584/paski.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><br />
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">In his letter to Ferdinand Blumentritt, Jose Rizal shares
insights into how Christmas is celebrated in the Philippines. Throughout their
friendship and correspondence, Rizal consistently took the time to convey his
holiday greetings to the Blumentritt family. What makes this particular letter
fascinating is Rizal's mention of the old Teutonic-German tradition of setting
up a Christmas Tree, known as the 'Christbaumfest,' which is exclusively
practiced in German-speaking regions on Christmas Eve. Rizal admired and
embraced this tradition, going so far as to share it with his family back home.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">In the same letter to Blumentritt, Rizal, perhaps feeling
homesick, penned the following description of Christmas in the Philippines:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">"At home, the entire family comes together for a
midnight dinner; the children adorn a Belen with figurines of the Child Jesus,
shepherds, animals, and more. This season is the most beautiful and delightful
time we have in the Philippines."<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">Truly, nothing has changed, as the lyrics of a song echo
Rizal's sentiment: 'It's the most wonderful time of the year!'</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">Maligayang Pasks sa Lahat!</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /><br /></span><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br />Francis Yumulhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10123922763636960380noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7270113491666005685.post-78740970957091332202022-12-19T15:11:00.000-08:002024-01-14T15:57:23.399-08:00Pasig During the Second Word War -- The Need for a Continuing Narrative (Part I)<p><br /></p><p><span face="Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"" style="color: #374151; font-size: 16px; white-space-collapse: preserve;"></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgG5q846P1NbVKjjmEtw1bHMg1qmUgd9Kjv6yrAvXZNgA4QIP2AnBKDvRrcCqfReVXeME_tu6YgpLfb2ojoBPBts5GJTHs9p0TQWECmnhscpjnCNWv-l-_7Bw8ygwpAleE50Coj5R_gq3YqGvBAIb8V5xMxsIg-LwciU42qMQqt6T68sMyXvDuQDsm0eYyu/s1005/Perla.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="796" data-original-width="1005" height="506" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgG5q846P1NbVKjjmEtw1bHMg1qmUgd9Kjv6yrAvXZNgA4QIP2AnBKDvRrcCqfReVXeME_tu6YgpLfb2ojoBPBts5GJTHs9p0TQWECmnhscpjnCNWv-l-_7Bw8ygwpAleE50Coj5R_gq3YqGvBAIb8V5xMxsIg-LwciU42qMQqt6T68sMyXvDuQDsm0eYyu/w640-h506/Perla.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i><b><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-size: 15px; text-align: start;">December 7, 1941 -- Pearl Harbor was attacked by Japan which was then followed by bombings of US bases in the Philippines and the subsequent landings of Japanese troops in Lingayen.--</span><span face=""Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-size: 15px; text-align: start;">Because of the International Dateline (IDL), it was December 8. 1941 in Manila -- The Feast of the Immaculate Concepcion. Mass was being celebrated in Pasig Church when the news of the bombing of Hawaii began to spread in the town. </span></span><span face=""Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-size: 15px; text-align: start;"><br /><br /></span></b></i></td></tr></tbody></table><span face="Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"" style="color: #374151; font-size: 16px; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><i><b><br /></b></i><b><br /></b></span><p></p><p><span face="Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"" style="color: #374151; font-size: 16px; white-space-collapse: preserve;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><span face="Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"" style="color: #374151; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div style="font-size: 16px;"><span face="Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"" style="color: #374151; font-size: 16px; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="color: #374151; font-family: arial; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><b><i>MANOLO LOZADA</i></b></span></div><div><span style="color: #374151; font-family: arial; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">He arrived at the venue sporting a distinctive Breton hat, a choice that, I must admit, suited him well—not for making him look younger, but for the intrigue it could generate as the "man in a hat." However, to many Pasiguenos of another generation, and to those who recognized the worth of the man, he is "Tito Manolo," the owner and proprietor of the city's oldest "panaderia," known as "Dimas-Alang," an artist-painter, and the brother of the much-celebrated Filipina violinist, the late Carmencita Lozada.</span></div></span><p></p><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: #374151; margin: 1.25em 0px; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Manolo Lozada was one of our storytellers in yesterday's event at the Samahang Pangkasaysayan ng Pasig (SPP) forum, marking the anniversary of the start of World War II in the Pacific. He was our weaver of tales that are gradually fading from the collective consciousness of many Pasiguenos—the war years of the 1940s.</span></p><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: #374151; margin: 1.25em 0px; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span>Manolo Lozada's narrative began from the moment the news of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor reached Pasig, precisely on the 8th of December 1941, the feast of the Virgin Mother—Pista ng Bayan. </span><span style="text-align: center;"><span><span face=""Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; text-align: start;">People started to gather around the plaza. When mass ended, some men loitered around to discuss the situation. The women and children dispersed and went home. It was probably one of the bleakest town fiestas, with people celebrating but unsure of what lies ahead.</span></span><span face=""Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; text-align: start;"><span> </span></span></span>With uncertainty about how to react, Pasiguenos faced the dilemma of celebrating the town fiesta or preparing for the imminent war. Some food on the tables was said to remain untouched.</span></p><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: #374151; margin: 1.25em 0px; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="font-family: arial;">As the Japanese forces arrived in Pasig, panic spread, prompting some residents to flee to the remote areas of Rizal Province—Antipolo, Angono, Binangonan. Many Pasiguenos even dug air raid shelters on their properties. Unfortunately, some encountered the grim fate of crossing paths with Japanese brutalities. Manolo Lozada pointed out locations where several Pasiguenos were executed—the section of what is now Rizal High School in Caniogan. He poignantly described the accounts of Pasiguenos witnessing executions under the acacia trees, their headless bodies reported to still be moving, even running, after the fatal strikes.</span></p><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: #374151; margin: 1.25em 0px; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Yet, amid the brutality, there was humanity. The Lozadas' house became a haven for some Japanese officers. Mr. Manolo's mother, a pianist, filled the house with classical music, providing a glimpse into souls profoundly changed by war. These Japanese officers came to listen, perhaps seeking solace in the midst of the conflict. As the end neared, with the imminent return of the Americans, the Japanese officers were described by Manolo Lozada as "in tears, nag iiyakan," bidding farewell to friends they had initially treated as conquered enemies.</span></p><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: #374151; margin: 1.25em 0px; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="font-family: arial;">In conclusion, Manolo Lozada posed a poignant question: "What is such a war that it can turn a beast out of man? What kind of heart do such people possess?" This was how Manolo Lozada concluded his narratives.</span></p><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: #374151; margin: 1.25em 0px 0px; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="font-family: arial;">There is indeed a need for a continuing narrative. </span></p><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: #374151; font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 16px; margin: 1.25em 0px 0px; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><br /></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrzvT8mXogMctqJ_U3Ky_GifNg_BIptbcq2ohutbXt4f_Rv23VJYWBS5__lsXkoIH_gfDlOTmz-m5P4g3DzjxogDHkGfQLP2pQB3txrhuijU8CtYCed6vWbEjI4mIBC70elN6aKNv_2NiaSRy8c0kMsCYVxFeiOipHahEWE_eT42e4R-IlV-9BCPPSZcLE/s330/Loz.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><b><img border="0" data-original-height="330" data-original-width="217" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrzvT8mXogMctqJ_U3Ky_GifNg_BIptbcq2ohutbXt4f_Rv23VJYWBS5__lsXkoIH_gfDlOTmz-m5P4g3DzjxogDHkGfQLP2pQB3txrhuijU8CtYCed6vWbEjI4mIBC70elN6aKNv_2NiaSRy8c0kMsCYVxFeiOipHahEWE_eT42e4R-IlV-9BCPPSZcLE/w421-h640/Loz.jpg" width="421" /></b></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><i><b>Mr. Manolo Lozada -Speaking during SPP's Public Forum about World War II in Pasig</b></i></span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: #374151; font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 16px; margin: 1.25em 0px 0px; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><br /></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimpCRnrOwq_ikIwJVIhjQilucpsDhNQCS_7padxyed54nboAFj6SGBiboi6CXU3X9PRLUiD2v0W_fyhSv4J53VFNvDUvF95e8rNphyphenhyphenYwVYusQyNFj98b5P1IXJOSulZqhdpwda-97TcLqJmFrW3ESD5E8w4zUIBkaC3EQ60xKnhlHEJAv7S9E9zQ-dWV-z/s800/Dimas.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="533" data-original-width="800" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimpCRnrOwq_ikIwJVIhjQilucpsDhNQCS_7padxyed54nboAFj6SGBiboi6CXU3X9PRLUiD2v0W_fyhSv4J53VFNvDUvF95e8rNphyphenhyphenYwVYusQyNFj98b5P1IXJOSulZqhdpwda-97TcLqJmFrW3ESD5E8w4zUIBkaC3EQ60xKnhlHEJAv7S9E9zQ-dWV-z/w640-h426/Dimas.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i><span style="font-family: arial;">The iconic Dimas-Alang Bakery. Owned and operated by the family of Manolo Lozada. One of the oldest bakery in the country.</span></i></b></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuC0HbqZBLILGDmp3zw02f2TEVmwIfr2IrSY20mA-gaf2k-COAUOP37bV00-ct6fBFxBMog1BLdzXnNsfLHPVNKOaZDI4T6Mh_opiy6B90LxkMKMeIIiRf1fQ9-q0xKrypuN5yddQZgIZHNq6kTYMBIG9jk6pDkeSixIvgKElW7bgDTMe_AlkNNINSjI2V/s2048/poga.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuC0HbqZBLILGDmp3zw02f2TEVmwIfr2IrSY20mA-gaf2k-COAUOP37bV00-ct6fBFxBMog1BLdzXnNsfLHPVNKOaZDI4T6Mh_opiy6B90LxkMKMeIIiRf1fQ9-q0xKrypuN5yddQZgIZHNq6kTYMBIG9jk6pDkeSixIvgKElW7bgDTMe_AlkNNINSjI2V/w640-h480/poga.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i><span style="font-family: arial;">SPP members with speakers and participants of the "Balik Tanaw -Pangalawang Giyerang Pandaigdig Sa Pasig".</span></i></b></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: #374151; font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 16px; margin: 1.25em 0px 0px; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><br /></p>Francis Yumulhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10123922763636960380noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7270113491666005685.post-90948360927694944372022-11-09T16:15:00.002-08:002023-08-10T16:26:13.340-07:00Artemio Ricarte - "El Vibora"<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWKROgl4ArQNJsA6vi6q7GmmzJ9A3diikz2mk6nbu7bHgzcbMp9a9mZ-xWRnbtEcdqEpxWXd8_28rBT9oCwPNLJ0s9u2OT0R7AMvYP8DmXhRy9NgGJDcmrAHCBzZHA_sbkOKZ9nybQ8io8QZiWCbYjYYo7RxKLTzn2l-LS3Jdyf920PpFifhb8-evm4hmN/s454/vibo.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="454" data-original-width="359" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWKROgl4ArQNJsA6vi6q7GmmzJ9A3diikz2mk6nbu7bHgzcbMp9a9mZ-xWRnbtEcdqEpxWXd8_28rBT9oCwPNLJ0s9u2OT0R7AMvYP8DmXhRy9NgGJDcmrAHCBzZHA_sbkOKZ9nybQ8io8QZiWCbYjYYo7RxKLTzn2l-LS3Jdyf920PpFifhb8-evm4hmN/w506-h640/vibo.jpg" width="506" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: arial;">He possessed the most lethal-sounding nom de guerre of his
generation - El Vibora, the Viper. He once pointed out that he was there, at
the early beginnings - the initial pace of the armed struggle. One of the many
children of the events of 1872.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: arial;">He was initially associated with the Supremo and Cavite's
Magdiwang council. In the attack he led against the Spanish garrison of San
Francisco de Malabon (Gen Trias, Cavite), it is said that El Vibora, along with
his men, posed as customers in a carenderia, waiting for the ideal time to
launch the attack. The symbolism of the carenderia must have held significance
for him, as he later named his restaurant-quasi tambayan "Karihan,"
in his place of exile - Yokohama, Japan.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: arial;">A man of contradictions, was he an "oportunista"
or "segurista"? And although he was Ilocano by birth, he is
undoubtedly a fine specimen of "cavitismo." This owes to his true
loyalty to his adoptive province.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: arial;">He remained "satisfied" with being elected to a
cabinet position in the Tejeros convention. However, when contacted by
Bonifacio about the irregularities that had occurred in Tejeros, he quickly
denounced it, only to change his statement once he was in the presence of
Aguinaldo again. Was he truly a spewing viper?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: arial;">After the capture of Aguinaldo by the Americans, he was one of those we can
call orphans of the war. He entirely lost his purpose and standing - a sense of
being remained only to fight the new colonial masters.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: arial;">The hatred for America he carried with him to his grave. El
Vibora chose self-exile to Japan and allied himself with what he termed fellow
Orientals. Others then accused him of turning a blind eye, as the Oriental
brotherhood he so much espoused was nonetheless as brutal as the American
repression he so despised.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: arial;">The irony of it all was that in the last part of his life,
he chose not to change sides anymore. This time, no! Wala nang baligtaran. He
stuck it out with the Japanese, and even in their retreat, he followed them.
But in doing so, he truly found his redemption - dying in his native land.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: arial;">There is a line in Shakespeare's "Julius Caesar"
where Brutus, in his final moments, utters: "Caesar, now be still." I
tend to envision Artemio Ricarte - El Vibora - in his last hour, uttering one
name with his final breath."<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span></o:p></p>Francis Yumulhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10123922763636960380noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7270113491666005685.post-86863651574756378102022-10-18T16:44:00.001-07:002023-08-09T17:01:55.287-07:00Umbrella Academy ni Rizal.<p><span style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><br /></span></p><div class="xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs x126k92a" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;"><div class="xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs x126k92a" style="margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivmMQkMTdxcGYZudyB2WWHiMsoe3nJMOAFw5QcboAlInXVl5KCWCgaCESUFea1kA2RBvaUTxgY6CpXbujE3RRRvxzaK4whn4sgE4X4q2lAihTAoucjYuwwRoun3KOUYK5OR3eRZ9ey8KTOirw1f2tBTXcXFiVbbCuTHirQjyj19-25cKer33guvLwaq28v/s617/umbe.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="617" data-original-width="475" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivmMQkMTdxcGYZudyB2WWHiMsoe3nJMOAFw5QcboAlInXVl5KCWCgaCESUFea1kA2RBvaUTxgY6CpXbujE3RRRvxzaK4whn4sgE4X4q2lAihTAoucjYuwwRoun3KOUYK5OR3eRZ9ey8KTOirw1f2tBTXcXFiVbbCuTHirQjyj19-25cKer33guvLwaq28v/s16000/umbe.jpg" /></a></div><br /><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;">Larawan ng ilan sa mga kilalang miyembro ng noo'y Berliner Anthropologische Gesellschaft (Berlin Anthropological Society). Kuha ito sa kanila taunang "Tagung" or excursion noong 1885. Napansin ko agad na marami sa kanila ay may dalang payong. Prominente sa larawan yung may no.5 sa ulo, hawak ang kanyang payong -- Siya ay walang iba kundi ang pamosong Aleman, siyentipiko at parliamentarian na si Dr. Rudolf Virchow, isang tunay na "Renaissance Man.</div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;">Sabi <span style="font-family: inherit;"><a style="color: #385898; cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit;" tabindex="-1"></a></span>nga ehh, Virchow challenged both the authority of the State and Religion. Hinamon daw ito ng duelo mismo ni Otto von Bismarck, dahil napikon ang Bismarck sa batikos ni Virchow tungkol sa isyu ng militarisasyong na nangyayari noon sa sandatahang lakas ng Imperyong Aleman. Ang simbahan Katolika naman ay naging katungali ni Virchow sa isyu ng separation of church and state pati na rin ang kapangyarihan ng sektor ng pang relihiyon lalu na nga ang Katolisismo gamitin ang kanilang pulpito upang batikusin ang inaakala nitong mga kaaway ng simbahan at lipunan.</div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;">Ilan taon matapos ang nasabing "Tagung" , may isa namang patpatin Pinoy ang nakasalimuha at naging miembro pa ng society. Sa isang meeting ng nasabing society sinama naman ng Pinoy ang isang kababayang at kaibigang taga Bulacan. Si Virchow mismo ang nagsabi sa sa patpating Pinoy ng: " Gusto kitang suriin ethnographically". Sagot naman daw nasabing Pinoy; "Aba Ginoo, sa kadakilaan ng Agham, ako ay walang tutol dyan. Subalit maari ko po ipalit muna sa akin itong kasamang kababayan upang suriin nyo...ethnographically!"-- Well, marunong magsalita ng Aleman ang Pilipino, samantala ang kababayan ay hindi. Binenta nya ang walang alam na Bulakenyo. hehe.</div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;">Umbrella Academy? Hindi naman pero nilalagay ko lang ang sitwasyon noon sa panahon ngayon upang ilahad ang mahuhusay na mga siyentipikong kasama sa larawan. </div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;">Sino ba yung Pilipino? Walang iba kundi si Jose Rizal. </div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;">Sa isang meeting ng Berliner Anthropologische Gesellschaft noong 1897, binasa muna ang isang tula sinalin na sa wikang Aleman. Iyon ay ang tula ng pamamaalam, dahil ilan buwan lamang ang kalilipas lang noon, si Jose Rizal, ang Pilipinong miembro ng nasabing society ay binaril sa Luneta.</div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;">~Umbrella Academy ni Rizal.</div></div></div></div>Francis Yumulhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10123922763636960380noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7270113491666005685.post-22449424234604635292022-09-14T20:21:00.002-07:002023-04-16T20:47:15.728-07:00Max Frisch -- Homo Faber<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2n93iFZTRyUGEDcoHSPf3DiCfUawWTop9txlXnRBm3CX0Ncfa5Ta4zCIieUyJG-205QLAGiTnF6-o3BA5Xa8a28uPN-lKB3b_hEI2TmdLE5bmptswil2FkG-dSngeWGZzh8O1BJ5xn0m8Sgt3p_qNha0cTI1Y4omUruLTdv_F2it7-MBAneHNWRamcg/s960/max.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="538" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2n93iFZTRyUGEDcoHSPf3DiCfUawWTop9txlXnRBm3CX0Ncfa5Ta4zCIieUyJG-205QLAGiTnF6-o3BA5Xa8a28uPN-lKB3b_hEI2TmdLE5bmptswil2FkG-dSngeWGZzh8O1BJ5xn0m8Sgt3p_qNha0cTI1Y4omUruLTdv_F2it7-MBAneHNWRamcg/w358-h640/max.jpg" width="358" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p><p><span face=""Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-size: 15px;">I'm rereading Max Frisch's most popular opus; Man in control of his being, his technology, and surroundings, as the Latin term defines, "Homo faber". What if your rational "Weltbild" is challenged by a series of events that defies logic? Shall we depend on the use of percentages, statistics, or the truth of numbers? Are there such things as equations of accidents and coincidences?</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;" /><span face=""Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-size: 15px;">I first encountered Frisch in a discussion (I felt it was a debate) around a table filled with various sweets and cups of brewed coffee. In a dismal Zurich weather, the people around challenged me to give my opinion about the writer, who I only knew then in some magazine articles. A young colleague who prided herself belonging to a family of traditional village cheese makers sarcastically smiled at me, her eyes glowed with schadenfroh glee as if saying to hell with your Third World Literature, having labeled me before as disseminator of the narratives of pain and the displaced definition of imperialism and oppression.</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;" /><span face=""Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-size: 15px;">On that same afternoon, I learned that lightning struck near the open fields where a herd of cows was pasturing. Five cows were electrocuted together with the herdsman. Strange that such a thing occurred. The next day a tractor from the cantonal government collected the carcasses, while their owner's body was cremated. There was also the news about a certain Frau Mossiman, who committed suicide when she learned her husband was shot by Muslim extremists in Egypt, it was big news in the community. Those events had no relation to me but I searched for meaning -- The weekend after those incidents I mentioned, I went to a bookshop and asked for a Frisch. I bought his book. Fifteen Swiss Francs also meant eating only bread and cheese for dinner, for two nights.</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;" /><span style="background-color: white;"><span face="Segoe UI Historic, Segoe UI, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #050505;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">There are things we cannot explain. No such thing as Homo faber?</span></span></span><br style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;" /><br /></p><br />Francis Yumulhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10123922763636960380noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7270113491666005685.post-66058808573592979312022-08-09T20:15:00.001-07:002023-04-16T20:19:39.976-07:00A House Not Big Enough For Two Rebels<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVALhXpV8Y0ak9Lastik3QVCtmNA3HdMnCsp2CM2-Y38i-tByowLFadEkhG_TuBqt5hnQnQvOIrt7k7ltPovu7SCqcMViqGzqgzqdg3PAjnFAxwDzYl22epW-GWsjcAeK_SrH77G5rI_CaT4EKH9U8MNhIGB5JdPU4rTfIahqV-pMZx5vnlvZlCO7WQw/s610/pepciano.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="468" data-original-width="610" height="492" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVALhXpV8Y0ak9Lastik3QVCtmNA3HdMnCsp2CM2-Y38i-tByowLFadEkhG_TuBqt5hnQnQvOIrt7k7ltPovu7SCqcMViqGzqgzqdg3PAjnFAxwDzYl22epW-GWsjcAeK_SrH77G5rI_CaT4EKH9U8MNhIGB5JdPU4rTfIahqV-pMZx5vnlvZlCO7WQw/w640-h492/pepciano.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;">He was given a name quiet unheard of even during his time. How many people shared the name "Paciano"? On the other hand his younger brother was called Jose or Pepe, a very common name that even has popular Americanized versions like Joe, Joseph or Joey. Actually their names could also be taken as a mirror of the big disparity of fate and personality. But on close scrutiny we maybe are looking at the alter <span style="font-family: inherit;"><a style="color: #385898; cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit;" tabindex="-1"></a></span>ego of each one-- Each one a mirror of the other?</div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;">Much of what can be said about the Pepe-Paciano relationship could be deciphered in their collected correspondence. Yet many people would find it odd that brothers communicated mostly in Spanish, somehow too formal and stiff to be labeled as correspondence between siblings. It will not also help our understanding of the said relationship if we consider the writing style of Jose Rizal in many of his letters. Somehow one has this feeling that our national hero was not only writing to the person to whom the letter was addressed but it seems to be that Rizal was also speaking to the people who will eventually read these exchanges in the future -- The Filipinos of the next generation who will understand better?</div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;">Paciano was the older brother, the guardian, and the other important father figure in the life of Pepe. It can be said that he geared his younger brother to the path that he himself laid out. It could be that Paciano saw in the young Jose Rizal the continuity of his own battle. The time when he was the right hand man of Padre Burgos, during those turbulent times of struggle for social reforms which culminated in the events of 1872-- Indeed, the continuation of Paciano's own generation that was abruptly silenced and forgotten.</div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;">When it was time to chose the country where the young Jose Rizal should continue his study, Paciano wanted Jose to go to France- A manifestation of Paciano's continuing mistrust of Spain? But Jose Rizal chose Spain. Right then the creator was starting to have problems of control to his creation, like a struggle of a master against his insolent apprentice.</div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;">Sometime in 1887, Jose Rizal confided in a letter to Paciano his desire to go home and just continue his career in the country. Paciano was against it and was even adamant. He answered his younger brother with some strong worded advice: Pepe must not come home, not with the controversy that the Noli started, not with friends telling them that its better for him and the family that he is in Europe, and not with the name Rizal slowly gaining the reputation of an agitator.</div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;">But he still went home. According to Rizal's British biographer Austin Coates, there were sweet scenes of homecoming in the Mercado-Rizal household that day, except for the two brothers. When they finally met again there were no words, Paciano just cast a cold stare at his younger brother and was taciturn the whole day. </div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;">Maybe saying; "This house ain't big enough for two Filibusteros!</div><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></div><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></div></div>Francis Yumulhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10123922763636960380noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7270113491666005685.post-70626095098572563282022-07-22T03:50:00.015-07:002024-01-23T16:17:54.756-08:00The Search for a National Anthem<p> </p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiaEy0YpajLU-KcUqYpBwn-kwW8vBRZiYytRiDP1Gf4lekKYZfXz7_EcLMyJMOXPMaipZTJuHyK6f0MGfuAeUaG7yohZczWmuuxVgWDA6wiceb_2jmdFinwKP2Dqayi5t53WOHxfK8DU2TzznpSU9PnMJkL7b_aOa3TXxEZWXMeZbQk5fJz0mmWeS05A/s543/marangal.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="543" data-original-width="431" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiaEy0YpajLU-KcUqYpBwn-kwW8vBRZiYytRiDP1Gf4lekKYZfXz7_EcLMyJMOXPMaipZTJuHyK6f0MGfuAeUaG7yohZczWmuuxVgWDA6wiceb_2jmdFinwKP2Dqayi5t53WOHxfK8DU2TzznpSU9PnMJkL7b_aOa3TXxEZWXMeZbQk5fJz0mmWeS05A/w508-h640/marangal.jpg" width="508" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>The first page of Julio Nakpil's "Marangal na Dalit ng Katagalugan". Right away one would desire to know if this was the original manuscript of the said hymn? But then this first page also yielded some information about the history of the music itself -- On the top of the music line and below the title, its written: "Himmo Nacional" BALARA Nov. 1896. -- Balara was one of the high grounds controlled by the group of Bonifacio. The date indicate that months after the supposed debacle in Pinaglabanan Bonifacio's base was Balara, yet the movements and reconnaissance of the group were never really restricted. One proof was Nakpil's said meeting of the Katipunan men who fetched him in Manila weeks after the outbreak of the revolution of August of 1896. Somehow around that time upon reaching Balara, he was commissioned by the Supremo to write a national anthem--The date he finished the said music, November 1896. As written by Nakpil on top-- It is a "Himno Nacional".</i></b></td></tr></tbody></table><b><i><br /></i></b><p></p><p><span face=""Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-size: 15px;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-size: 15px;">There was a time when a great number of European monarchies had the hymn “God Save the Queen’ (or King) as their official anthem. The difference was seen only in the languages of these monarchies —So one would have heard versions of it in different lyrics, of different tongues. Even the confederacy of Switzerland, one of the early republican sovereigns in Europe had the music of ‘God Save the Queen” as their anthem until they took hold of reality to change it.</span></p><br style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;" /><span face=""Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-size: 15px;">The “Age of Enlightenment” brought in a new mindset in Europe — It is thru this thinking, of reason above belief, logic, and freedom of men above institutions like the church, etc, that revolutions were born. Above all, it highlights distinctions and individuality. It also ushered in nationalism in arts in the 19th century. Folkloric themes became prevalent not only in visual arts but also in music. Thus Zarzuela was celebrated in Spain, the Mazurka was given a classic treatment by Chopin with other composers following suit with their native tunes and folk dances. Etc. National anthems began to emerge from the cocoon of individuality among nations. Each one wanting to highlight its own uniqueness.</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;" /><span face=""Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-size: 15px;">Many national anthems were born out of great struggles, highlighting the sacrifice of the sons of the Motherland against an invading power — A call of unity and sacrifice which also transcends borders – It is not a surprise that the lines and music of Rouget de Lisle “La Marseillaise” had influenced great nationalist movements around the world in that distinct time. Perhaps to a stretched extent: The Philippine national anthem which was first known as "Marcha Filipina-Magdalo" is imbued with some of de Lisle's distinct music intervals.</span><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhu6dIhgI2M5CmOSc9hd0Lym8a_Xl5_g5Pq8AwfgW8y8rQonCjFh5tGz_a2jn8sySdtaWIhFbO6OCeak0MtXGjGBn6htyJHR_A2YAIBNrAPV7UjlNRY6Vsrm27a6rq3lt6BjhXTv7yC3cBoY3vY-qDGhK-IHGRnKadT7AkmB92zBMiZg-t84Z1v2LgE0A/s1625/ruget.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1073" data-original-width="1625" height="422" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhu6dIhgI2M5CmOSc9hd0Lym8a_Xl5_g5Pq8AwfgW8y8rQonCjFh5tGz_a2jn8sySdtaWIhFbO6OCeak0MtXGjGBn6htyJHR_A2YAIBNrAPV7UjlNRY6Vsrm27a6rq3lt6BjhXTv7yC3cBoY3vY-qDGhK-IHGRnKadT7AkmB92zBMiZg-t84Z1v2LgE0A/w640-h422/ruget.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: left;"><i><b>Rouget de Lisle's "La Marseilles " . Its original title was "chant de guerre pour L'armee du Rhin" (War Song for the Army of the Rhine). Rouget de Lisle was a captain in the French army during the French Revolutionary war. He was a mason.</b></i></td></tr></tbody></table><div><br style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;" /><span style="background-color: white;"><span face="Segoe UI Historic, Segoe UI, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #050505;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">It was no surprise that the Katipunan and its leadership saw the need to come up with a national hymn. The honor was given to a one-time pianist of Malacañang, a true-blooded “harangista” (for the modern Filipino musicians lingo), who perhaps also jotted down notes, observing the many evenings he spent playing waltzes and Biedermeier music to Governor-General Despujol and his guests. A usable intelligence masked in musical soirees?</span></span></span><br style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;" /><span style="background-color: white;"><span face="Segoe UI Historic, Segoe UI, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #050505;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">On February 1897, months after taking a higher position in the northern command of Katipunan based in Pasig, the former Malacañang pianist—Julio Nakpil sent a copy of the commissioned anthem to the Supremo. It would be one great national treasure if the copy still exists somewhere. And who would ever find the original manuscript? Nakpil called it a Dalit, the old and seldom used Tagalog term for “hymn”— The honorable hymn of the Tagalogs or Katagalugan.</span></span></span><br style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;" /><span face=""Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-size: 15px;">On June 1898, what was heard for the first time and continues to be part of our daily grind standing up each morning to give honor to and to sing, was the anthem of Aguinaldo. We sing unmindful of the controversies behind it or the intrigues that haunts the nation, that between Bonifacio and Aguinaldo. Simply saying, the one who emerged victorious in that rivalry went on to provide the anthem.</span></div><div><span face=""Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-size: 15px;"><br /></span></div><div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWpz2PjS5Bn3YFs5iM-xi8ZczL_qi7_ExgY5Txb92R_j2nlvuoC9sQRPnLN8xASblHdaxK8SDTBzihS9LFykus_KanrGQ7El-084PKTT1fzXAJ1_FtWIoOBW-izhpCfheojq1lw4XGHFK4AJpBQ3PGzwxfrQSFlu5ThLgdcjWR3IfDl5xX4JTx8e86tQ/s1184/ant%20(2).jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="838" data-original-width="1184" height="453" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWpz2PjS5Bn3YFs5iM-xi8ZczL_qi7_ExgY5Txb92R_j2nlvuoC9sQRPnLN8xASblHdaxK8SDTBzihS9LFykus_KanrGQ7El-084PKTT1fzXAJ1_FtWIoOBW-izhpCfheojq1lw4XGHFK4AJpBQ3PGzwxfrQSFlu5ThLgdcjWR3IfDl5xX4JTx8e86tQ/w640-h453/ant%20(2).jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i><b>Our national anthem, which is actually a march </b></i></td></tr></tbody></table><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div></div>Francis Yumulhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10123922763636960380noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7270113491666005685.post-53766023359734363602022-06-10T03:37:00.001-07:002023-04-05T03:40:38.792-07:00Our True Colors -- Our Flag<p> </p><p><span style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpiTcmJDQoXqT7zhcMqSnsQh3rEL5kT9YL5r8VO9XaDybjQN70OjX7sWTgDUst4KcEeKtXQYARW0BWe1X74fN26FMJuCbpNbG0lLqQGmwT1lsyFLoRJK93maSEUW36fnHRmCNA2Aa4vQqWwJkVR3K_GB48tFDjlpG8zYazKwbcGXuJtoPXZh5UnUEMFQ/s777/jajjaaja.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="777" data-original-width="595" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpiTcmJDQoXqT7zhcMqSnsQh3rEL5kT9YL5r8VO9XaDybjQN70OjX7sWTgDUst4KcEeKtXQYARW0BWe1X74fN26FMJuCbpNbG0lLqQGmwT1lsyFLoRJK93maSEUW36fnHRmCNA2Aa4vQqWwJkVR3K_GB48tFDjlpG8zYazKwbcGXuJtoPXZh5UnUEMFQ/w490-h640/jajjaaja.jpg" width="490" /></a></div><br />I often encounter old photos of Filipinos at the turn of the 20th century, going around carrying a white flag. It was the time when much of Luzon was still not controlled by the Americans and all natives then, young and old were suspected insurgents.<p></p><br style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">The white flag was to indicate that the group of natives were noncombatants or civilians going around their usual business. Still, American soldiers searched them.</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">Going through the history of Filipinos hoisting or carrying flags-- As early as the American arrival at Manila Bay in 1898, it has been a cause of irritation to the US Expeditionary Force seeing how Filipinos proudly showed their flag. In the waters surrounding Manila Bay, there were reports that small civilian fleets and bancas were adorned with Filipino flags, prompting the Americans to confiscate many of them.</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">When America took over, they created a law prohibiting the display of our flag and other national symbols -- Act 1696, or the Flag Act, (Philippine Commission Act № 1696, August 23, 1907) is an act of the Philippine Commission that outlawed the display of Katipunan flags, banners, emblems, or devices in the American-controlled Philippine Islands.</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">It really took us a long way before we can wave the flag we have now, took us years before we could do away with the white to finally hoist our true colors, our true banner.</span>Francis Yumulhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10123922763636960380noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7270113491666005685.post-71540338095101224592022-05-10T02:45:00.001-07:002023-04-05T03:05:46.002-07:00Henchmen of Aguinaldo (Tirador ni Aguinaldo)<p> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7WA8JqEuRjaxW9YediFZiLPy1SOUcsdky1OEMlNBzhTG88xUkJHrwIwd75JhlqrRxvYrrzUCNQXByHoIIdbCGYBopWdFTMun9L5EtElRJYDY8HqPG8gQ6_JUdkfe-OVPdAYT2De9dzdgi4x22nOpRaxkhdcH57dcscZZMIbBgiNzm9TfiwyoKnlHSaw/s662/tirador.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="662" data-original-width="448" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7WA8JqEuRjaxW9YediFZiLPy1SOUcsdky1OEMlNBzhTG88xUkJHrwIwd75JhlqrRxvYrrzUCNQXByHoIIdbCGYBopWdFTMun9L5EtElRJYDY8HqPG8gQ6_JUdkfe-OVPdAYT2De9dzdgi4x22nOpRaxkhdcH57dcscZZMIbBgiNzm9TfiwyoKnlHSaw/w434-h640/tirador.jpg" width="434" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; text-align: start;">The news material was from a Manila newspaper .1920s. The photo was just superimposed -- With Antonio Abad interviewing Janolino.</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /></p><p><span style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">Can anyone tell the reason for the existence and also the duty of the Kawit detachment, battalion, troop... whatever? Somehow it has a vague order and command. This group of Cavitenos perhaps had only one defined role, being the extra and ultra military exponent of Cavitismo and "Aguinaldismo" -- If I may say. They might have been true patriots at the beginning of the revolution, abled men who were with Aguinaldo during Cavite's glorious run against the Spanish Forces, but what happened to them after politics took its divisive role in the revolution was a different story.</span></p><br style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">We define "henchman" in Tagalog as "tirador or the much blunt version perhaps would be "taga-tumba". The Bonifacio brothers were said to be , one of the first victims of the "tiradors" of Cavitismo. But there was a certain Col. Ignacio Paua, a full-blooded Chinaman born in Binondo one of the arresting officers and who reportedly stabbed the Supremo with a dagger in the neck. Paua is not from Cavite but privy to the Caviteno moves.</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">There was also the young Gregorio Del Pilar, the romanticized version of a 19th Century Filipino warrior (If there is such). He was a Bulakenyo. Allegedly he hunted down some of the men of Antonio Luna. Incidentally, it was Nick Joaquin who first gave the title of Aguinaldo's henchman to Gregorio del Pilar.</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">Of course, there was Pedro Janolino (aka Pedrong Kastila), who during the late 1920s admitted to journalist Antonio Abad that he was the first to give the death blow against the fuming mad Luna, giving his alibi that out of confusion and self-defense, he had no choice but to strike. And there was this letter from Aguinaldo that recently came out of the open- commanding Luna to report to Cabanatuan. It was a conspiracy of a wider scope, when one reads another account that if Luna fails to come to Cabanatuan another detachment was waiting in Pampanga to eliminate him.</span><div><span style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">In the 1930s when Aguinaldo, running as President against Quezon called on the former Katipuneros to bury their differences and unite, Gen. Jose Alejandrino, a known friend of General Luna, ironically heed the call, visiting the wake of Gen Tomas Mascardo. Witnessed said Alejandrino approached the casket and without saying a word, just left -- But it would not be surprising if someone like him who witnessed the brutality of political wrangling had whispered; "Memento Mori!"</span></div><div><span style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;"><br /></span></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimYHe_BbxhLFq-Ut52LDb4qyVG63VENJtNosJsuvyqi62t7Ws5fi7fseqBHeIhnoUtV1vteYYEF2VGyxHcEXHwyHKJqEIPeqTTW0VoXM-suwaciGKjsA7XhiKaywLBUveoi72tQM5okT5hs4gGuWB0iCvYlwIpqwhA5qnbFx-WGLgptoTe983ftMtCyA/s808/Lunanana.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="808" data-original-width="548" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimYHe_BbxhLFq-Ut52LDb4qyVG63VENJtNosJsuvyqi62t7Ws5fi7fseqBHeIhnoUtV1vteYYEF2VGyxHcEXHwyHKJqEIPeqTTW0VoXM-suwaciGKjsA7XhiKaywLBUveoi72tQM5okT5hs4gGuWB0iCvYlwIpqwhA5qnbFx-WGLgptoTe983ftMtCyA/w434-h640/Lunanana.jpg" width="434" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The poster of the highly acclaimed movie "Heneral Luna"(2015) -- Which highlight the so-called henchmen (tirador) controversy.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;"><br /></span></div>Francis Yumulhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10123922763636960380noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7270113491666005685.post-79130963325430617092022-04-12T03:23:00.001-07:002023-09-15T04:27:29.689-07:00Carlism and the Philippines (1872)<p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEij363Rhrlp8KIcddLixYFlcs_FUGPbvDtz4jQBFjBETA69B0w-mf6Rrrrnezek0KHK4cHDlFqvGaYAb-xSH3GN5xh8YD3XeslxWxxQCweQPB_tDo3wZ9YjnwzPudboJYCAWvL4P9UchsPmVHdwSvWuXCV_GG-74F56d8s7bv-fHHhp3-pNJKGz0aojeQ/s795/kakakakaka.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="795" data-original-width="503" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEij363Rhrlp8KIcddLixYFlcs_FUGPbvDtz4jQBFjBETA69B0w-mf6Rrrrnezek0KHK4cHDlFqvGaYAb-xSH3GN5xh8YD3XeslxWxxQCweQPB_tDo3wZ9YjnwzPudboJYCAWvL4P9UchsPmVHdwSvWuXCV_GG-74F56d8s7bv-fHHhp3-pNJKGz0aojeQ/w404-h640/kakakakaka.jpg" width="404" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span face=""Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-size: 15px; text-align: left;"><i>Nobody personifies Carlism better in the Philippines than Carlos Maria de la Torre--Photographed here when he was an officer in the Carlist Army.</i></span></td></tr></tbody></table><span face=""Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-size: 15px;"><br /></span><p></p><p><span face=""Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-size: 15px;">In hindsight: The burgeoning Manila colonial society of the 1850s was becoming more inclined to declare similitude than the terms of specifics. The Catholic church of course lurked mighty in the background. But recent happenings in Mother Spain then had indicated that a number of Carlist politicians and army officers were in the defense of Spain's traditional faith--So the colony was in a situation of a limbo--With citizens, specially the so called (or labeled) P</span><span face=""Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-size: 15px;">eninsulares</span><span face=""Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-size: 15px;"> deciphering more the loyalty of their fellow Spaniards in the colonial administration--Whether they are sympathetic to the Carlist cause.</span></p><br style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;" /><div><span face=""Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-size: 15px;">Meanwhile the other classes, the mestizos (of Chinese or other Eurasians) were more keen on establishing a stable economic base. Land and education were foremost in their drive. Land holdings, renting and operating friar lands became a common endeavor of this new burgeoning class. Sending their children to study abroad was a prevalent fad among the nouveau riche .</span></div><div><br style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;" /><span face=""Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-size: 15px;">The flow of liberal ideas actually came from two directions. From the Americas came the ideals of the Enlightenment, revolutions, and the rights of each man. It was mainly brought by the waning influence of the once magnificent trade that stretch to the Pacific. It is not a surprised that some of the early manifestations of freedom and independence in the island were inspired by creoles and Spaniards of Mexican birth who established themselves in Manila in the early 19th century.</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;" /><span face=""Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-size: 15px;">Finally, after the independence of many Latin American colonies and the subsequent opening of the Suez Canal, the flow of liberal ideas came in the direction of the old continent. During this time Spain was caught in a string of turmoil--The Peninsular War, and of course the Carlist War.</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;" /><span face=""Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-size: 15px;">When Carlos de la Torre arrived in the the Philippines to take post of Governor General, everything seems to be rightly in placed for development or for disaster-- In the end it was actually both.</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;" /><span face=""Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-size: 15px;">Spain during the Peninsular War had staged the biggest "PR" stunt for the colonies--The crown granted each citizens of the empire, regardless of color or race, an instant Spanish citizenship-But what is citizenship in paper? The cynical colonial society had first aired their reservation upon hearing a liberal government had been installed, but when de la Torre started to spin his magic--It was then that both development and disaster arrived.</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;" /><span face=""Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-size: 15px;">Development in the sense that with the new liberal air, the Filipino psyche had started to assert itself-- What it is to be called a Filipino.</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;" /><span face=""Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-size: 15px;">Disaster in the sense the innocent lives like that of the GOMBUZA and many more had to pay when the "Restoration" in Spain happened.</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;" /><span face=""Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-size: 15px;">It took another quarter of a century until the great Carlist experiment in las Islas Filipinas manifested its result. By then it had also become entangled with a new philosophy for the Filipino nation. (That is my next topic)</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;" /><span face=""Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-size: 15px;">I always wonder if there are streets named in the country after Carlos Maria de la Torre?</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;" /></div>Francis Yumulhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10123922763636960380noreply@blogger.com0