Carlism and the Philippines
Nobody personifies Carlism better in the Philippines than Carlos Maria de la Torre--Photographed here when he was an officer in the Carlist Army. The Rise and Evolution of Carlism in Spain Carlism emerged as a potent force in 19th-century Spain due to a dynastic crisis within the Bourbon monarchy. It pitted one branch of the family against another, with supporters of Don Carlos, Count of Molina, challenging the legitimacy of Isabella II's claim to the throne. This initial focus on succession morphed into a broader ideological movement. Carlists championed a return to traditional values, advocating for a strong monarchy, Catholicism as the state religion, and fueros (regional privileges) – particularly appealing in areas like the Basque Country. This ideology naturally clashed with the prevailing winds of change. As Spain grappled with economic hardship following the loss of its American colonies, liberals and progressives advocated for reforms, including restrictions on the Church&